§ 1.401(a)(9)-0 Required minimum distributions; table of contents.

This table of contents lists the regulations relating to required minimum distributions under section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code as follows:

1.401(a)(9)-0 Required minimum distributions; table of contents.

1.401(a)(9)-1 Minimum distribution requirement in general.

1.401(a)(9)-2 Distributions commencing during an employee's lifetime.

1.401(a)(9)-3 Death before required beginning date.

1.401(a)(9)-4 Determination of the designated beneficiary.

1.401(a)(9)-5 Required minimum distributions from defined contribution plans.

1.401(a)(9)-6 Required minimum distributions for defined benefit plans and annuity contracts (temporary).

1.401(a)(9)-7 Rollovers and transfers.

1.401(a)(9)-8 Special rules.

1.401(a)(9)-9 Life expectancy and distribution period tables.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002; as amended by T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-1 Minimum distribution requirement in general.

Q-1. What plans are subject to the minimum distribution requirement under section 401(a)(9), this section, and Sections 1.401(a)(9)-2 through 1.401(a)(9)-9?

A-1.

Under section 401(a)(9), all stock bonus, pension, and profit-sharing plans qualified under section 401(a) and annuity contracts described in section 403(a) are subject to required minimum distribution rules. See this section and Sections 1.401(a)(9)-2 through 1.401(a)(9)-9 for the distribution rules applicable to these plans. Under section 403(b)(10), annuity contracts or custodial accounts described in section 403(b) are subject to required minimum distribution rules. See Section 1.403(b)-3 for the distribution rules applicable to these annuity contracts or custodial accounts. Under section 408(a)(6) and 408(b)(3), individual retirement plans (including, for some purposes, Roth IRAs under section 408A) are subject to required minimum distribution rules. See Section 1.408-8 for the distribution rules applicable to individual retirement plans and see Section 1.408A-6 for the distribution rules applicable to Roth IRAs under section 408A. Under section 457(d)(2), certain deferred compensation plans for employees of tax exempt organizations or state and local government employees are subject to required minimum distribution rules.

Q-2. Which employee account balances and benefits held under qualified trusts and plans are subject to the distribution rules of section 401(a)(9), this section, and Sections 1.401(a)(9)-2 through 1.401(a)(9)-9?

A-2.

(a) In general.

The distribution rules of section 401(a)(9) apply to all account balances and benefits in existence on or after January 1, 1985. This section and Sections 1.401(a)(9)-2 through 1.401(a)(9)-9 apply for purposes of determining required minimum distributions for calendar years beginning on or after January 1, 2003.

(b) Beneficiaries.

(1) The distribution rules of this section and Sections 1.401(a)(9)-2 through 1.401(a)(9)-9 apply to account balances and benefits held for the benefit of a beneficiary for calendar years beginning on or after January 1, 2003, even if the employee died prior to January 1, 2003. Thus, in the case of an employee who died prior to January 1, 2003, the designated beneficiary must be redetermined in accordance with the provisions of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4 and the applicable distribution period (determined under Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 or 1.401(a)(9)-6, whichever is applicable) must be reconstructed for purposes of determining the amount required to be distributed for calendar years beginning on or after January 1, 2003.

(2) A designated beneficiary that is receiving payments under the 5-year rule of section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii), either by affirmative election or default provisions, may, if the plan so provides, switch to using the life expectancy rule of section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) provided any amounts that would have been required to be distributed under the life expectancy rule of section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) for all distribution calendar years before 2004 are distributed by the earlier of December 31, 2003 or the end of the 5-year period determined under A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3.

If a trust fails to meet the rule of A-5 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4 (permitting the beneficiaries of the trust, and not the trust itself, to be treated as the employee's designated beneficiaries) solely because the trust documentation was not provided to the plan administrator by October 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the employee died, and such documentation is provided to the plan administrator by October 31, 2003, the beneficiaries of the trust will be treated as designated beneficiaries of the employee under the plan for purposes of determining the distribution period under section 401(a)(9).

Q-3. What specific provisions must a plan contain in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)?

A-3.

(a) Required provisions.

In order to satisfy section 401(a)(9), the plan must include the provisions described in this paragraph reflecting section 401(a)(9). First, the plan must generally set forth the statutory rules of section 401(a)(9), including the incidental death benefit requirement in section 401(a)(9)(G). Second, the plan must provide that distributions will be made in accordance with this section and Sections 1.401(a)(9)-2 through 1.401(a)(9)-9. The plan document must also provide that the provisions reflecting section 401(a)(9) override any distribution options in the plan inconsistent with section 401(a)(9). The plan also must include any other provisions reflecting section 401(a)(9) that are prescribed by the Commissioner in revenue rulings, notices, and other guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. See Section 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.

(b) Optional provisions.

The plan may also include written provisions regarding any optional provisions governing plan distributions that do not conflict with section 401(a)(9) and the regulations thereunder.

Plan distributions commencing after an employee's death will be required to be made under the default provision set forth in Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 for distributions unless the plan document contains optional provisions that override such default provisions. Thus, if distributions have not commenced to the employee at the time of the employee's death, distributions after the death of an employee are to be made automatically in accordance with the default provisions in A-4(a) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 unless the plan either specifies in accordance with

A-4(b) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 the method under which distributions will be made or provides for elections by the employee (or beneficiary) in accordance with A-4(c) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 and such elections are made by the employee or beneficiary.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002; as amended by T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-2 Distributions commencing during an employee's lifetime.

Q-1. In the case of distributions commencing during an employee's lifetime, how must the employee's entire interest be distributed in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(A)?

A-1.

(a) In order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(A), the entire interest of each employee must be distributed to such employee not later than the required beginning date, or must be distributed, beginning not later than the required beginning date, over the life of the employee or joint lives of the employee and a designated beneficiary or over a period not extending beyond the life expectancy of the employee or the joint life and last survivor expectancy of the employee and the designated beneficiary.

(b) Section 401(a)(9)(G) provides that lifetime distributions must satisfy the incidental death benefit requirements.

(c) The amount required to be distributed for each calendar year in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(A) and (G) generally depends on whether a distribution is in the form of distributions under a defined contribution plan or annuity payments under a defined benefit plan or under an annuity contract. For the method of determining the required minimum distribution in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A) and (G) from an individual account under a defined contribution plan, see Section 1.401(a)(9)-5. For the method of determining the required minimum distribution in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A) and (G) in the case of annuity payments from a defined benefit plan or an annuity contract, see Section 1.401(a)(9)-6.

Q-2. For purposes of section 401(a)(9)(C), what does the term required beginning date mean?

A-2.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this A-2 with respect to a 5-percent owner, as defined in paragraph (c) of this A-2, the term required beginning date means April 1 of the calendar year following the later of the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2 or the calendar year in which the employee retires from employment with the employer maintaining the plan.

(b) In the case of an employee who is a 5-percent owner, the term required beginning date means April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2 .

(c) For purposes of section 401(a)(9), a 5-percent owner is an employee who is a 5-percent owner (as defined in section 416) with respect to the plan year ending in the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2.

(d) Paragraph (b) of this A-2 does not apply in the case of a governmental plan (within the meaning of section 414(d)) or a church plan. For purposes of this paragraph, the term church plan means a plan maintained by a church for church employees, and the term church means any church (as defined in section 3121(w)(3)(A)) or qualified church-controlled organization (as defined in section 3121(w)(3)(B)).

(e) A plan is permitted to provide that the required beginning date for purposes of section 401(a)(9) for all employees is April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which an employee attains age 70 1/2 regardless of whether the employee is a 5-percent owner.

Q-3. When does an employee attain age 70 1/2?

A-3.

An employee attains age 70 1/2 as of the date six calendar months after the 70th anniversary of the employee's birth. For example, if an employee's date of birth was June 30, 1933, the 70th anniversary of such employee's birth is June 30, 2003. Such employee attains age 70 1/2 on December 30, 2003. Consequently, if the employee is a 5-percent owner or retired, such employee's required beginning date is April 1, 2004. However, if the employee's date of birth was July 1, 1933, the 70th anniversary of such employee's birth would be July 1, 2003. Such employee would then attain age 70 1/2 on January 1, 2004 and such employee's required beginning date would be April 1, 2005.

Q-4. Must distributions made before the employee's required beginning date satisfy section 401(a)(9)?

A-4.

Lifetime distributions made before the employee's required beginning date for calendar years before the employee's first distribution calendar year, as defined in A-1(b) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5, need not be made in accordance with section 401(a)(9). However, if distributions commence before the employee's required beginning date under a particular distribution option, such as in the form of an annuity, the distribution option fails to satisfy section 401(a)(9) at the time distributions commence if, under terms of the particular distribution option, distributions to be made for the employee's first distribution calendar year or any subsequent distribution calendar year will fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9).

Q-5. If distributions have begun to an employee during the employee's lifetime (in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii)), how must distributions be made after an employee's death?

A-5.

Section 401(a)(9)(B)(i) provides that if the distribution of the employee's interest has begun in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) and the employee dies before his entire interest has been distributed to him, the remaining portion of such interest must be distributed at least as rapidly as under the distribution method being used under section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) as of the date of his death. The amount required to be distributed for each distribution calendar year following the calendar year of death generally depends on whether a distribution is in the form of distributions from an individual account under a defined contribution plan or annuity payments under a defined benefit plan. For the method of determining the required minimum distribution in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(B)(i) from an individual account, see Section 1.401(a)(9)-5. In the case of annuity payments from a defined benefit plan or an annuity contract, see Section 1.401(a)(9)-6.

Q-6. For purposes of section 401(a)(9)(B), when are distributions considered to have begun to the employee in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii)?

A-6.

(a) General rule. Except as otherwise provided in A-10 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-6, distributions are not treated as having begun to the employee in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) until the employee's required beginning date, without regard to whether payments have been made before that date. Thus, section 401(a)(9)(B)(i) only applies if an employee dies on or after the employee's required beginning date. For example, if employee A retires in 2003, the calendar year A attains age 65 1/2, and begins receiving installment distributions from a profit-sharing plan over a period not exceeding the joint life and last survivor expectancy of A and A's spouse, benefits are not treated as having begun in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) until April 1, 2009 (the April 1 following the calendar year in which A attains age 70 1/2). Consequently, if A dies before April 1, 2009 (A's required beginning date), distributions after A's death must be made in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) or (iii) and (iv) and Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, and not section 401(a)(9)(B)(i). This is the case without regard to whether the plan has distributed the minimum distribution for the first distribution calendar year (as defined in A-1(b) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5) before A's death.

(b) If a plan provides, in accordance with A-2(e) of this section, that the required beginning date for purposes of section 401(a)(9) for all employees is April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which an employee attains age 70 1/2, an employee who dies on or after the required beginning date determined under the plan terms is treated as dying after the employee's distributions have begun for purposes of this A-6 even though the employee dies before the April 1 following the calendar year in which the employee retires.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002; as amended by T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-3 Death before required beginning date.

Q-1. If an employee dies before the employee's required beginning date, how must the employee's entire interest be distributed in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)?

A-1.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in A-10 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-6, if an employee dies before the employee's required beginning date (and, thus, before distributions are treated as having begun in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii)), distribution of the employee's entire interest must be made in accordance with one of the methods described in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) or (iii) and (iv). One method (the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii)) requires that the entire interest of the employee be distributed within 5 years of the employee's death regardless of who or what entity receives the distribution. Another method (the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv)) requires that any portion of an employee's interest payable to (or for the benefit of) a designated beneficiary be distributed, commencing within one year of the employee's death, over the life of such beneficiary (or over a period not extending beyond the life expectancy of such beneficiary). Section 401(a)(9)(B)(iv) provides special rules where the designated beneficiary is the surviving spouse of the employee, including a special commencement date for distributions under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) to the surviving spouse.

(b) See A-4 of this section for the rules for determining which of the methods described in paragraph (a) of this A-1 applies. See A-3 of this section to determine when distributions under the exception to the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv) must commence. See A-2 of this section to determine when the 5-year period in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) ends. For distributions using the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), see Section 1.401(a)(9)-4 in order to determine the designated beneficiary under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), see Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 for the rules for determining the required minimum distribution under a defined contribution plan, and see Section 1.401(a)(9)-6 for required minimum distributions under defined benefit plans.

Q-2. By when must the employee's entire interest be distributed in order to satisfy the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii)?

A-2.

In order to satisfy the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii), the employee's entire interest must be distributed by the end of the calendar year which contains the fifth anniversary of the date of the employee's death. For example, if an employee dies on January 1, 2003, the entire interest must be distributed by the end of 2008, in order to satisfy the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii).

Q-3. When are distributions required to commence in order to satisfy the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv)?

A-3.

(a) Nonspouse beneficiary.

In order to satisfy the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii), if the designated beneficiary is not the employee's surviving spouse, distributions must commence on or before the end of the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the employee died. This rule also applies to the distribution of the entire remaining benefit if another individual is a designated beneficiary in addition to the employee's surviving spouse. See A-2 and A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-8, however, if the employee's benefit is divided into separate accounts.

(b) Spousal beneficiary.

In order to satisfy the rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), if the sole designated beneficiary is the employee's surviving spouse, distributions must commence on or before the later of- -

(1) The end of the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the employee died; and

(2) The end of the calendar year in which the employee would have attained age 70 1/2.

Q-4. How is it determined whether the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) or the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv) applies to a distribution?

A-4.

(a) No plan provision.

If a plan does not adopt an optional provision described in paragraph (b) or (c) of this A-4 specifying the method of distribution after the death of an employee, distribution must be made as follows:

(1) If the employee has a designated beneficiary, as determined under Section 1.401(a)(9)-4, distributions are to be made in accordance with the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv).

(2) If the employee has no designated beneficiary, distributions are to be made in accordance with the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii).

(b) Optional plan provisions.

A plan may adopt a provision specifying either that the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) will apply to certain distributions after the death of an employee even if the employee has a designated beneficiary or that distribution in every case will be made in accordance with the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii). Further, a plan need not have the same method of distribution for the benefits of all employees in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9).

A plan may adopt a provision that permits employees (or beneficiaries) to elect on an individual basis whether the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) or the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv) applies to distributions after the death of an employee who has a designated beneficiary. Such an election must be made no later than the earlier of the end of the calendar year in which distribution would be required to commence in order to satisfy the requirements for the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv) (see A-3 of this section for the determination of such calendar year) or the end of the calendar year which contains the fifth anniversary of the date of death of the employee. As of the last date the election may be made, the election must be irrevocable with respect to the beneficiary (and all subsequent beneficiaries) and must apply to all subsequent calendar years. If a plan provides for the election, the plan may also specify the method of distribution that applies if neither the employee nor the beneficiary makes the election. If neither the employee nor the beneficiary elects a method and the plan does not specify which method applies, distribution must be made in accordance with paragraph (a) of this A-4.

Q-5. If the employee's surviving spouse is the employee's sole designated beneficiary and such spouse dies after the employee, but before distributions have begun to the surviving spouse under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), how is the employee's interest to be distributed?

A-5.

Pursuant to section 401(a)(9)(B)(iv)(II), if the surviving spouse is the employee's sole designated beneficiary and dies after the employee, but before distributions to such spouse have begun under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) and the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) are to be applied as if the surviving spouse were the employee. In applying this rule, the date of death of the surviving spouse shall be substituted for the date of death of the employee. However, in such case, the rules in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iv) are not available to the surviving spouse of the deceased employee's surviving spouse.

Q-6. For purposes of section 401(a)(9)(B)(iv)(II), when are distributions considered to have begun to the surviving spouse?

A-6.

Distributions are considered to have begun to the surviving spouse of an employee, for purposes of section 401(a)(9)(B)(iv)(II), on the date, determined in accordance with A-3 of this section, on which distributions are required to commence to the surviving spouse, even though payments have actually been made before that date. See A-11 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-6 for a special rule for annuities.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002; as amended by T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-4 Determination of the designated beneficiary.

Q-1. Who is a designated beneficiary under section 401(a)(9)(E)?

A-1.

A designated beneficiary is an individual who is designated as a beneficiary under the plan. An individual may be designated as a beneficiary under the plan either by the terms of the plan or, if the plan so provides, by an affirmative election by the employee (or the employee's surviving spouse) specifying the beneficiary. A beneficiary designated as such under the plan is an individual who is entitled to a portion of an employee's benefit, contingent on the employee's death or another specified event. For example, if a distribution is in the form of a joint and survivor annuity over the life of the employee and another individual, the plan does not satisfy section 401(a)(9) unless such other individual is a designated beneficiary under the plan. A designated beneficiary need not be specified by name in the plan or by the employee to the plan in order to be a designated beneficiary so long as the individual who is to be the beneficiary is identifiable under the plan. The members of a class of beneficiaries capable of expansion or contraction will be treated as being identifiable if it is possible, to identify the class member with the shortest life expectancy. The fact that an employee's interest under the plan passes to a certain individual under a will or otherwise under applicable state law does not make that individual a designated beneficiary unless the individual is designated as a beneficiary under the plan. See A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-8 for rules which apply to qualified domestic relation orders.

Q-2. Must an employee (or the employee's spouse) make an affirmative election specifying a beneficiary for a person to be a designated beneficiary under section 40l(a)(9)(E)?

A-2.

No, a designated beneficiary is an individual who is designated as a beneficiary under the plan whether or not the designation under the plan was made by the employee. The choice of beneficiary is subject to the requirements of sections 401(a)(11), 414(p), and 417.

Q-3. May a person other than an individual be considered to be a designated beneficiary for purposes of section 401(a)(9)?

A-3.

No, only individuals may be designated beneficiaries for purposes of section 401(a)(9). A person that is not an individual, such as the employee's estate, may not be a designated beneficiary. If a person other than an individual is designated as a beneficiary of an employee's benefit, the employee will be treated as having no designated beneficiary for purposes of section 401(a)(9), even if there are also individuals designated as beneficiaries. However, see A-5 of this section for special rules that apply to trusts and A-2 and A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-8 for rules that apply to separate accounts.

Q-4. When is the designated beneficiary determined?

A-4.

(a) General rule.

In order to be a designated beneficiary, an individual must be a beneficiary as of the date of death. Except as provided in paragraph (b) and Section 1.401(a)(9)-6, the employee's designated beneficiary will be determined based on the beneficiaries designated as of the date of death who remain beneficiaries as of September 30 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the employee's death. Consequently, except as provided in Section 1.401(a)(9)-6, any person who was a beneficiary as of the date of the employee's death, but is not a beneficiary as of that September 30 (e.g., because the person receives the entire benefit to which the person is entitled before that September 30), is not taken into account in determining the employee's designated beneficiary for purposes of determining the distribution period for required minimum distributions after the employee's death. Accordingly, if a person disclaims entitlement to the employee's benefit, pursuant to a disclaimer that satisfies section 2518 by that September 30 thereby allowing other beneficiaries to receive the benefit in lieu of that person, the disclaiming person is not taken into account in determining the employee's designated beneficiary.

(b) Surviving spouse.

As provided in A-5 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, if the employee's spouse is the sole designated beneficiary as of September 30 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the employee's death, and the surviving spouse dies after the employee and before the date on which distributions have begun to the surviving spouse under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), the rule in section 40l(a)(9)(B)(iv)(II) will apply. Thus, for example, the relevant designated beneficiary for determining the distribution period after the death of the surviving spouse is the designated beneficiary of the surviving spouse. Similarly, such designated beneficiary will be determined based on the beneficiaries designated as of the date of the surviving spouse's death and who remain beneficiaries as of September 30 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the surviving spouse's death. Further, if, as of that September 30, there is no designated beneficiary under the plan with respect to that surviving spouse, distribution must be made in accordance with the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) and A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3.

For purposes of this A-4, an individual who is a beneficiary as of the date of the employee's death and dies prior to September 30 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the employee's death without disclaiming continues to be treated as a beneficiary as of the September 30 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the employee's death in determining the employee's designated beneficiary for purposes of determining the distribution period for required minimum distributions after the employee's death, without regard to the identity of the successor beneficiary who is entitled to distributions as the beneficiary of the deceased beneficiary. The same rule applies in the case of distributions to which A-5 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 applies so that, if an individual is designated as a beneficiary of an employee's surviving spouse as of the spouse's date of death and dies prior to September 30 of the year following the year of the surviving spouse's death, that individual will continue to be treated as a designated beneficiary.

Q-5. If a trust is named as a beneficiary of an employee, will the beneficiaries of the trust with respect to the trust's interest in the employee's benefit be treated as having been designated as beneficiaries of the employee under the plan for purposes of determining the distribution period under section 401(a)(9)?

A-5.

(a) If the requirements of paragraph (b) of this A-5 are met with respect to a trust that is named as the beneficiary of an employee under the plan, the beneficiaries of the trust (and not the trust itself) will be treated as having been designated as beneficiaries of the employee under the plan for purposes of determining the distribution period under section 401(a)(9).

(b) The requirements of this paragraph (b) are met if, during any period during which required minimum distributions are being determined by treating the beneficiaries of the trust as designated beneficiaries of the employee, the following requirements are met --

(1) The trust is a valid trust under state law, or would be but for the fact that there is no corpus.

(2) The trust is irrevocable or will, by its terms, become irrevocable upon the death of the employee.

(3) The beneficiaries of the trust who are beneficiaries with respect to the trust's interest in the employee's benefit are identifiable within the meaning of A-1 of this section from the trust instrument.

(4) The documentation described in A-6 of this section has been provided to the plan administrator.

(c) In the case of payments to a trust having more than one beneficiary, see A-7 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 for the rules for determining the designated beneficiary whose life expectancy will be used to determine the distribution period and A-3 of this section for the rules that apply if a person other than an individual is designated as a beneficiary of an employee's benefit. However, the separate account rules under A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-8 are not available to beneficiaries of a trust with respect to the trust's interest in the employee's benefit.

(d) If the beneficiary of the trust named as beneficiary of the employee's interest is another trust, the beneficiaries of the other trust will be treated as being designated as beneficiaries of the first trust, and thus, having been designated by the employee under the plan for purposes of determining the distribution period under section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii), provided that the requirements of paragraph (b) of this A-5 are satisfied with respect to such other trust in addition to the trust named as beneficiary.

Q-6. If a trust is named as a beneficiary of an employee, what documentation must be provided to the plan administrator?

A-6.

(a) Required minimum distributions before death.

If an employee designates a trust as the beneficiary of his or her entire benefit and the employee's spouse is the sole beneficiary of the trust, in order to satisfy the documentation requirements of this A-6 so that the spouse can be treated as the sole designated beneficiary of the employee's benefits (if the other requirements of paragraph (b) of A-5 of this section are satisfied), the employee must either --

(1) Provide to the plan administrator a copy of the trust instrument and agree that if the trust instrument is amended at any time in the future, the employee will, within a reasonable time, provide to the plan administrator a copy of each such amendment; or

(2) Provide to the plan administrator a list of all of the beneficiaries of the trust (including contingent and remaindermen beneficiaries with a description of the conditions on their entitlement sufficient to establish that the spouse is the sole beneficiary) for purposes of section 401(a)(9); certify that, to the best of the employee's knowledge, this list is correct and complete and that the requirements of paragraph (b)(1), (2), and (3) of A-5 of this section are satisfied; agree that, if the trust instrument is amended at any time in the future, the employee will, within a reasonable time, provide to the plan administrator corrected certifications to the extent that the amendment changes any information previously certified; and agree to provide a copy of the trust instrument to the plan administrator upon demand.

(b) Required minimum distributions after death.

In order to satisfy the documentation requirement of this A-6 for required minimum distributions after the death of the employee (or spouse in a case to which A-5 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 applies), by October 31 of the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the employee died, the trustee of the trust must either --

(1) Provide the plan administrator with a final list of all beneficiaries of the trust (including contingent and remaindermen beneficiaries with a description of the conditions on their entitlement) as of September 30 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the employee's death; certify that, to the best of the trustee's knowledge, this list is correct and complete and that the requirements of paragraph (b)(1), (2), and (3) of A-5 of this section are satisfied; and agree to provide a copy of the trust instrument to the plan administrator upon demand; or

(2) Provide the plan administrator with a copy of the actual trust document for the trust that is named as a beneficiary of the employee under the plan as of the employee's date of death.

(1) If required minimum distributions are determined based on the information provided to the plan administrator in certifications or trust instruments described in paragraph (a) or (b) of this A-6, a plan will not fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because the actual terms of the trust instrument are inconsistent with the information in those certifications or trust instruments previously provided to the plan administrator, but only if the plan administrator reasonably relied on the information provided and the required minimum distributions for calendar years after the calendar year in which the discrepancy is discovered are determined based on the actual terms of the trust instrument.

(2) For purposes of determining the amount of the excise tax under section 4974, the required minimum distribution is determined for any year based on the actual terms of the trust in effect during the year.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002; as amended by T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-5 Required minimum distributions from defined contribution plans.

Q-1. If an employee's benefit is in the form of an individual account under a defined contribution plan, what is the amount required to be distributed for each calendar year?

A-1.

(a) General rule.

If an employee's accrued benefit is in the form of an individual account under a defined contribution plan, the minimum amount required to be distributed for each distribution calendar year, as defined in paragraph (b) of this A-1, is equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the account (determined under A-3 of this section) by the applicable distribution period (determined under A-4 or A-5 of this section, whichever is applicable). However, the required minimum distribution amount will never exceed the entire account balance on the date of the distribution. See A-8 of this section for rules that apply if a portion of the employee's account is not vested. Further, the minimum distribution required to be distributed on or before an employee's required beginning date is always determined under section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) and this A-1 and not section 401(a)(9)(A)(i).

(b) Distribution calendar year.

A calendar year for which a minimum distribution is required is a distribution calendar year. If an employee's required beginning date is April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2, the employee's first distribution calendar year is the year the employee attains age 70 1/2. If an employee's required beginning date is April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the employee retires, the employee's first distribution calendar year is the calendar year in which the employee retires. In the case of distributions to be made in accordance with the life expectancy rule in Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 and in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), the first distribution calendar year is the calendar year containing the date described in A-3(a) or A-3(b) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, whichever is applicable.

The distribution required to be made on or before the employee's required beginning date shall be treated as the distribution required for the employee's first distribution calendar year (as defined in paragraph (b) of this A-1). The required minimum distribution for other distribution calendar years, including the required minimum distribution for the distribution calendar year in which the employee's required beginning date occurs, must be made on or before the end of that distribution calendar year.

(d) Minimum distribution incidental benefit requirement.

If distributions of an employee's account balance under a defined contribution plan are made in accordance with this section, the minimum distribution incidental benefit requirement of section 401(a)(9)(G) is satisfied. Further, with respect to the retirement benefits provided by that account balance, to the extent the incidental benefit requirement of Section 1.401-1(b)(1)(i) requires a distribution, that requirement is deemed to be satisfied if distributions satisfy the minimum distribution incidental benefit requirement of section 401(a)(9)(G) and this section.

(e) Annuity contracts.

Instead of satisfying this A-1, the minimum distribution requirement may be satisfied by the purchase of an annuity contract from an insurance company in accordance with A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-6 with the employee's entire individual account. If such an annuity is purchased after distributions are required to commence (the required beginning date, in the case of distributions commencing before death, or the date determined under A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, in the case of distributions commencing after death), payments under the annuity contract purchased will satisfy section 401(a)(9) for distribution calendar years after the calendar year of the purchase if payments under the annuity contract are made in accordance with Section 1.401(a)(9)-6. In such a case, payments under the annuity contract will be treated as distributions from the individual account for purposes of determining if the individual account satisfies section 401(a)(9) for the calendar year of the purchase. An employee may also purchase an annuity contract with a portion of the employee's account under the rules of A-2(a)(3) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-8.

Q-2. If an employee's benefit is in the form of an individual account and, in any calendar year, the amount distributed exceeds the minimum required, will credit be given in subsequent calendar years for such excess distribution?

A-2.

If, for any distribution calendar year, the amount distributed exceeds the minimum required, no credit will be given in subsequent calendar years for such excess distribution.

Q-3. What is the amount of the account of an employee used for determining the employee's required minimum distribution in the case of an individual account?

A-3.

(a) In the case of an individual account, the benefit used in determining the required minimum distribution for a distribution calendar year is the account balance as of the last valuation date in the calendar year immediately preceding that distribution calendar year (valuation calendar year) adjusted in accordance with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this A-3.

(b) The account balance is increased by the amount of any contributions or forfeitures allocated to the account balance as of dates in the valuation calendar year after the valuation date. For this purpose, contributions that are allocated to the account balance as of dates in the valuation calendar year after the valuation date, but that are not actually made during the valuation calendar year, are permitted to be excluded.

(d) If an amount is distributed by one plan and rolled over to another plan (receiving plan), A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-7 provides additional rules for determining the benefit and required minimum distribution under the receiving plan. If an amount is transferred from one plan (transferor plan) to another plan (transferee plan), A-3 and A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-7 provide additional rules for determining the amount of the required minimum distribution and the benefit under both the transferor and transferee plans.

Q-4. For required minimum distributions during an employee's lifetime, what is the applicable distribution period?

A-4.

(a) General rule.

Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this A-4, the applicable distribution period for required minimum distributions for distribution calendar years up to and including the distribution calendar year that includes the employee's date of death is determined using the Uniform Lifetime Table in A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 for the employee's age as of the employee's birthday in the relevant distribution calendar year. If an employee dies on or after the required beginning date, the distribution period applicable for calculating the amount that must be distributed during the distribution calendar year that includes the employee's death is determined as if the employee had lived throughout that year. Thus, a minimum required distribution, determined as if the employee had lived throughout that year, is required for the year of the employee's death and that amount must be distributed to a beneficiary to the extent it has not already been distributed to the employee.

(b) Spouse is sole beneficiary--

(1) General rule.

Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this A-4, if the sole designated beneficiary of an employee is the employee's surviving spouse, for required minimum distributions during the employee's lifetime, the applicable distribution period is the longer of the distribution period determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this A-4 or the joint life expectancy of the employee and spouse using the employee's and spouse's attained ages as of the employee's and the spouse's birthdays in the distribution calendar year. The spouse is sole designated beneficiary for purposes of determining the applicable distribution period for a distribution calendar year during the employee's lifetime only if the spouse is the sole beneficiary of the employee's entire interest at all times during the distribution calendar year.

(2) Change in marital status.

If the employee and the employee's spouse are married on January 1 of a distribution calendar year, but do not remain married throughout that year (i.e., the employee or the employee's spouse die or they become divorced during that year), the employee will not fail to have a spouse as the employee's sole beneficiary for that year merely because they are not married throughout that year. If an employee's spouse predeceases the employee, the spouse will not fail to be the employee's sole beneficiary for the distribution calendar year that includes the date of the spouse's death solely because, for the period remaining in that year after the spouse's death, someone other than the spouse is named as beneficiary. However, the change in beneficiary due to the death or divorce of the spouse will be effective for purposes of determining the applicable distribution period under section 401(a)(9) in the distribution calendar year following the distribution calendar year that includes the date of the spouse's death or divorce.

Q-5. For required minimum distributions after an employee's death, what is the applicable distribution period?

A-5.

(a) Death on or after the employee's required beginning date.

If an employee dies after distribution has begun as determined under A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2 (generally on or after the employee's required beginning date), in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(B)(i), the applicable distribution period for distribution calendar years after the distribution calendar year containing the employee's date of death is either -

(1) If the employee has a designated beneficiary as of the date determined under A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4, the longer of --

(i) The remaining life expectancy of the employee's designated beneficiary determined in accordance with paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this A-5; and

(ii) The remaining life expectancy of the employee determined in accordance with paragraph (c)(3) of this A-5; or

(2) If the employee does not have a designated beneficiary as of the date determined under A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4, the remaining life expectancy of the employee determined in accordance with paragraph (c)(3) of this A-5.

(b) Death before an employee's required beginning date.

If an employee dies before distribution has begun, as determined under A-5 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2 (generally before the employee's required beginning date), in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) or (iv) and the life expectancy rule described in A-1 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, the applicable distribution period for distribution calendar years after the distribution calendar year containing the employee's date of death is determined in accordance with paragraph (c) of this A-5. See A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 to determine when the 5-year rule of in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) applies (e.g., there is no designated beneficiary or the 5-year rule is elected or specified by plan provision).

(1) Nonspouse designated beneficiary.

Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c)(2), the applicable distribution period measured by the beneficiary's remaining life expectancy is determined using the beneficiary's age as of the beneficiary's birthday in the calendar year immediately following the calendar year of the employee's death. In subsequent calendar years, the applicable distribution period is reduced by one for each calendar year that has elapsed after the calendar year immediately following the calendar year of the employee's death.

(2) Spouse designated beneficiary.

If the surviving spouse of the employee is the employee's sole beneficiary, the applicable distribution period is measured by the surviving spouse's life expectancy using the surviving spouse's birthday for each distribution calendar year after the calendar year of the employee's death up through the calendar year of the spouse's death. For calendar years after the calendar year of the spouse's death, the applicable distribution period is the life expectancy of the spouse using the age of the spouse as of the spouse's birthday in the calendar year of the spouse's death, reduced by one for each calendar year that has elapsed after the calendar year of the spouse's death.

(3) No designated beneficiary.

If the employee does not have a designated beneficiary, the applicable distribution period measured by the employee's remaining life expectancy is the life expectancy of the employee using the age of the employee as of the employee's birthday in the calendar year of the employee's death. In subsequent calendar years the applicable distribution period is reduced by one for each calendar year that has elapsed after the calendar year of the employee's death.

Q-6. What life expectancies must be used for purposes of determining required minimum distributions under section 401(a)(9)?

A-6.

Life expectancies for purposes of determining required minimum distributions under section 401(a)(9) must be computed using the Single Life Table in A-1 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 and the Joint and Last Survivor Table in A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-9.

Q-7. If an employee has more than one designated beneficiary, which designated beneficiary's life expectancy will be used to determine the applicable distribution period?

A-7.

(a) General rule--

(1) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c) of this A-7, if more than one individual is designated as a beneficiary with respect to an employee as of the applicable date for determining the designated beneficiary under A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4, the designated beneficiary with the shortest life expectancy will be the designated beneficiary for purposes of determining the applicable distribution period.

(2) See A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4 for rules that apply if a person other than an individual is designated as a beneficiary and see A-2 and A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-8 for special rules that apply if an employee's benefit under a plan is divided into separate accounts and the beneficiaries with respect to a separate account differ from the beneficiaries of another separate account.

(b) Contingent beneficiary.

Except as provided in paragraph (c)(1) of this A-7, if a beneficiary's entitlement to an employee's benefit after the employee's death is a contingent right, such contingent beneficiary is nevertheless considered to be a beneficiary for purposes of determining whether a person other than an individual is designated as a beneficiary (resulting in the employee being treated as having no designated beneficiary under the rules of A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4) and which designated beneficiary has the shortest life expectancy under paragraph (a) of this A-7.

(1) A person will not be considered a beneficiary for purposes of determining who is the beneficiary with the shortest life expectancy under paragraph (a) of this A-7, or whether a person who is not an individual is a beneficiary, merely because the person could become the successor to the interest of one of the employee's beneficiaries after that beneficiary's death. However, the preceding sentence does not apply to a person who has any right (including a contingent right) to an employee's benefit beyond being a mere potential successor to the interest of one of the employee's beneficiaries upon that beneficiary's death. Thus, for example, if the first beneficiary has a right to all income with respect to an employee's individual account during that beneficiary's life and a second beneficiary has a right to the principal but only after the death of the first income beneficiary (any portion of the principal distributed during the life of the first income beneficiary to be held in trust until that first beneficiary's death), both beneficiaries must be taken into account in determining the beneficiary with the shortest life expectancy and whether only individuals are beneficiaries.

(2) If the individual beneficiary whose life expectancy is being used to calculate the distribution period dies after September 30 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the employee's death, such beneficiary's remaining life expectancy will be used to determine the distribution period without regard to the life expectancy of the subsequent beneficiary.

(3) This paragraph (c) is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1.

(i) Employer M maintains a defined contribution plan, Plan X. Employee A, an employee of M, died in 2005 at the age of 55, survived by spouse, B, who was 50 years old. Prior to A's death, M had established an account balance for A in Plan X. A's account balance is invested only in productive assets. A named a testamentary trust (Trust P) established under A's will as the beneficiary of all amounts payable from A's account in Plan X after A's death. A copy of the Trust P and a list of the trust beneficiaries were provided to the plan administrator of Plan X by October 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year of A's death. As of the date of A's death, the Trust P was irrevocable and was a valid trust under the laws of the state of A's domicile. A's account balance in Plan X was includible in A's gross estate under Section 2039.

(ii) Under the terms of Trust P, all trust income is payable annually to B, and no one has the power to appoint Trust P principal to any person other than B. A's children, who are all younger than B, are the sole remainder beneficiaries of the Trust P. No other person has a beneficial interest in Trust P. Under the terms of the Trust P, B has the power, exercisable annually, to compel the trustee to withdraw from A's account balance in Plan X an amount equal to the income earned on the assets held in A's account in Plan X during the calendar year and to distribute that amount through Trust P to B. Plan X contains no prohibition on withdrawal from A's account of amounts in excess of the annual required minimum distributions under section 401(a)(9). In accordance with the terms of Plan X, the trustee of Trust P elects, in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9), to receive annual required minimum distributions using the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) for distributions over a distribution period equal to B's life expectancy. If B exercises the withdrawal power, the trustee must withdraw from A's account under Plan X the greater of the amount of income earned in the account during the calendar year or the required minimum distribution. However, under the terms of Trust P, and applicable state law, only the portion of the Plan X distribution received by the trustee equal to the income earned by A's account in Plan X is required to be distributed to B (along with any other trust income.)

(iii) Because some amounts distributed from A's account in Plan X to Trust P may be accumulated in Trust P during B's lifetime for the benefit of A's children, as remaindermen beneficiaries of Trust P, even though access to those amounts are delayed until after B's death, A's children are beneficiaries of A's account in Plan X in addition to B and B is not the sole designated beneficiary of A's account. Thus the designated beneficiary used to determine the distribution period from A's account in Plan X is the beneficiary with the shortest life expectancy. B's life expectancy is the shortest of all the potential beneficiaries of the testamentary trust's interest in A's account in Plan X (including remainder beneficiaries). Thus, the distribution period for purposes of section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) is B's life expectancy. Because B is not the sole designated beneficiary of the testamentary trust's interest in A's account in Plan X, the special rule in 401(a)(9)(B)(iv) is not available and the annual required minimum distributions from the account to Trust M must begin no later than the end of the calendar year immediately following the calendar year of A's death.

Example 2.

(i) The facts are the same as Example 1 except that the testamentary trust instrument provides that all amounts distributed from A's account in Plan X to the trustee while B is alive will be paid directly to B upon receipt by the trustee of Trust P.

(ii) In this case, B is the sole designated beneficiary of A's account in Plan X for purposes of determining the designated beneficiary under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv). No amounts distributed from A's account in Plan X to Trust P are accumulated in Trust P during B's lifetime for the benefit of any other beneficiary. Therefore, the residuary beneficiaries of Trust P are mere potential successors to B's interest in Plan X. Because B is the sole beneficiary of the testamentary trust's interest in A's account in Plan X, the annual required minimum distributions from A's account to Trust P must begin no later than the end of the calendar year in which A would have attained age 70 1/2, rather than the calendar year immediately following the calendar year of A's death.

Q-8. If a portion of an employee's individual account is not vested as of the employee's required beginning date, how is the determination of the required minimum distribution affected?

A-8.

If the employee's benefit is in the form of an individual account, the benefit used to determine the required minimum distribution for any distribution calendar year will be determined in accordance with A-1 of this section without regard to whether or not all of the employee's benefit is vested. If any portion of the employee's benefit is not vested, distributions will be treated as being paid from the vested portion of the benefit first. If, as of the end of a distribution calendar year (or as of the employee's required beginning date, in the case of the employee's first distribution calendar year), the total amount of the employee's vested benefit is less than the required minimum distribution for the calendar year, only the vested portion, if any, of the employee's benefit is required to be distributed by the end of the calendar year (or, if applicable, by the employee's required beginning date). However, the required minimum distribution for the subsequent distribution calendar year must be increased by the sum of amounts not distributed in prior calendar years because the employee's vested benefit was less than the required minimum distribution.

Q-9. Which amounts distributed from an individual account are taken into account in determining whether section 401(a)(9) is satisfied and which amounts are not taken into account in determining whether section 401(a)(9) is satisfied?

A-9.

(a) General rule.

Except as provided in paragraph (b), all amounts distributed from an individual account are distributions that are taken into account in determining whether section 401(a)(9) is satisfied, regardless of whether the amount is includible in income. Thus, for example, amounts that are excluded from income as recovery of investment in the contract under section 72 are taken into account for purposes of determining whether section 401(a)(9) is satisfied for a distribution calendar year. Similarly, amounts excluded from income as net unrealized appreciation on employer securities also are amounts distributed for purposes of determining if section 401(a)(9) is satisfied.

(b) Exceptions.

The following amounts are not taken into account in determining whether the required minimum amount has been distributed for a calendar year:

(1) Elective deferrals and employee contributions that, pursuant to Section 1.415-6(b)(6)(iv), are returned (together with the income allocable to these corrective distributions) as a result of the application of the section 415 limitations.

(2) Corrective distributions of excess deferrals as described in Section 1.402(g)-1(e)(3), together with the income allocable to these distributions.

(3) Corrective distributions of excess contributions under a qualified cash or deferred arrangement under section 401(k)(8) and excess aggregate contributions under section 401(m)(6), together with the income allocable to these distributions.

(4) Loans that are treated as deemed distributions pursuant to section 72(p).

(5) Dividends described in section 404(k) that are paid on employer securities. (Amounts paid to the plan that, pursuant to section 404(k)(2)(A)(iii)(II), are included in the account balance and subsequently distributed from the account lose their character as dividends.)

(6) The costs of life insurance coverage (P.S. 58 costs).

(7) Similar items designated by the Commissioner in revenue rulings, notices, and other guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. See Section 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002; as amended by T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-6 Required minimum distributions for defined benefit plans and annuity contracts.

Q-1. How must distributions under a defined benefit plan be paid in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)?

A-1.

(a) General rules. In order to satisfy section 401(a)(9), except as otherwise provided in this section, distributions of the employee's entire interest under a defined benefit plan must be paid in the form of periodic annuity payments for the employee's life (or the joint lives of the e mployee and beneficiary) or over a period certain that does not exceed the maximum length of the period certain determined in accordance with A-3 of this section. The interval between payments for the annuity must be uniform over the entire distribution period and must not exceed one year. Once payments have commenced over a period, the period may only be changed in accordance with A-13 of this section. Life (or joint and survivor) annuity payments must satisfy the minimum distribution incidental benefit requirements of A-2 of this section. Except as otherwise provided in this section (such as permitted increases described in A-14 of this section), all payments (whether paid over an employee's life, joint lives, or a period certain) also must be nonincreasing.

(b) Life annuity with period certain. The annuity may be a life annuity (or joint and survivor annuity) with a period certain if the life (or lives, if applicable) and period certain each meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this A-1. For purposes of this section, if distributions are permitted to be made over the lives of the employee and the designated beneficiary, references to a life annuity include a joint and survivor annuity.

(1) Annuity payments must commence on or before the employee's required beginning date (within the meaning of A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2). The first payment, which must be made on or before the employee's required beginning date, must be the payment which is required for one payment interval. The second payment need not be made until the end of the next payment interval even if that payment interval ends in the next calendar year. Similarly, in the case of distributions commencing after death in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), the first payment, which must be made on or before the date determined under A-3(a) or (b) (whichever is applicable) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, must be the payment which is required for one payment interval. Payment intervals are the periods for which payments are received, e.g., bimonthly, monthly, semi-annually, or annually. All benefit accruals as of the last day of the first distribution calendar year must be included in the calculation of the amount of annuity payments for payment intervals ending on or after the employee's required beginning date.

(2) This paragraph (c) is illustrated by the following example:

Example

A defined benefit plan (Plan X) provides monthly annuity payments of $500 for the life of unmarried participants with a 10-year period certain. An unmarried, retired participant (A) in Plan X attains age 70 1/2 in 2005. In order to meet the requirements of this paragraph, the first monthly payment of $500 must be made on behalf of A on or before April 1, 2006, and the payments must continue to be made in monthly payments of $500 thereafter for the life and 10-year period certain.

(d) Single sum distributions. In the case of a single sum distribution of an employee's entire accrued benefit during a distribution calendar year, the amount that is the required minimum distribution for the distribution calendar year (and thus not eligible for rollover under section 402(c)) is determined using either the rule in paragraph (d)(1) or the rule in paragraph (d)(2) of this A-1.

(1) The portion of the single sum distribution that is a required minimum distribution is determined by treating the single sum distribution as a distribution from an individual account plan and treating the amount of the single sum distribution as the employee's account balance as of the end of the relevant valuation calendar year. If the single sum distribution is being made in the calendar year containing the required beginning date and the required minimum distribution for the employee's first distribution calendar year has not been distributed, the portion of the single sum distribution that represents the required minimum distribution for the employee's first and second distribution calendar years is not eligible for rollover.

(2) The portion of the single sum distribution that is a required minimum distribution is permitted to be determined by expressing the employee's benefit as an annuity that would satisfy this section with an annuity starting date as of the first day of the distribution calendar year for which the required minimum distribution is being determined, and treating one year of annuity payments as the required minimum distribution for that year, and not eligible for rollover. If the single sum distribution is being made in the calendar year containing the required beginning date and the required minimum distribution for the employee's first distribution calendar year has not been made, the benefit must be expressed as an annuity with an annuity starting date as of the first day of the first distribution calendar year and the payments for the first two distribution calendar years would be treated as required minimum distributions, and not eligible for rollover.

(e) Death benefits. The rule in paragraph (a) of this A-1, prohibiting increasing payments under an annuity applies to payments made upon the death of an employee. However, for purposes of this section, an ancillary death benefit described in this paragraph (e) may be disregarded in applying that rule. Such an ancillary death benefit is excluded in determining an employee's entire interest and the rules prohibiting increasing payments do not apply to such an ancillary death benefit. A death benefit with respect to an employee's benefit is an ancillary death benefit for purposes of this A-1 if -

(1) It is not paid as part of the employee's accrued benefit or under any optional form of the employee's benefit; and

(2) The death benefit, together with any other potential payments with respect to the employee's benefit that may be provided to a survivor, satisfy the incidental benefit requirement of Section 1.401-1(b)(1)(i).

(f) Additional guidance. Additional guidance regarding how distributions under a defined benefit plan must be paid in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9) may be issued by the Commissioner in revenue rulings, notices, or other guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. See Section 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b) of this chapter.

Q-2. How must distributions in the form of a life (or joint and survivor) annuity be made in order to satisfy the minimum distribution incidental benefit (MDIB) requirement of section 401(a)(9)(G) and the distribution component of the incidental benefit requirement of Section 1.401-1(b)(1)(i)?

A-2.

(a) Life annuity for employee. If the employee's benefit is paid in the form of a life annuity for the life of the employee satisfying section 401(a)(9) without regard to the MDIB requirement, the MDIB requirement of section 401(a)(9)(G) will be satisfied.

(b) Joint and survivor annuity, spouse beneficiary. If the employee's sole beneficiary, as of the annuity starting date for annuity payments, is the employee's spouse and the distributions satisfy section 401(a)(9) without regard to the MDIB requirement, the distributions to the employee will be deemed to satisfy the MDIB requirement of section 401(a)(9)(G). For example, if an employee's benefit is being distributed in the form of a joint and survivor annuity for the lives of the employee and the employee's spouse and the spouse is the sole beneficiary of the employee, the amount of the periodic payment payable to the spouse would not violate the MDIB requirement if it was 100 percent of the annuity payment payable to the employee, regardless of the difference in the ages between the employee and the employee's spouse.

(1) Explanation of rule. If distributions commence under a distribution option that is in the form of a joint and survivor annuity for the joint lives of the employee and a beneficiary other than the employee's spouse, the minimum distribution incidental benefit requirement will not be satisfied as of the date distributions commence unless under the distribution option, the annuity payments to be made on and after the employee's required beginning date will satisfy the conditions of this paragraph (c). The periodic annuity payment payable to the survivor must not at any time on and after the employee's required beginning date exceed the applicable percentage of the annuity payment payable to the e mployee using the table in paragraph (c)(2) of this A-2. The applicable percentage is based on the adjusted employee/beneficiary age difference. The adjusted employee/beneficiary age difference is determined by first calculating the excess of the age of the employee over the age of the beneficiary based on their ages on their birthdays in a calendar year. Then, if the employee is younger than age 70, the age difference determined in the previous sentence is reduced by the number of years that the employee is younger than age 70 on the employee's birthday in the calendar year that contains the annuity starting date. In the case of an annuity that provides for increasing payments, the requirement of this paragraph (c) will not be violated merely because benefit payments to the beneficiary increase, provided the increase is determined in the same manner for the employee and the beneficiary.

(2) Table.

Adjusted employee/beneficiary Applicable

age difference percentage

10 years or less 100%

11 96%

12 93%

13 90%

14 87%

15 84%

16 82%

17 79%

18 77%

19 75%

20 73%

21 72%

22 70%

23 68%

24 67%

25 66%

26 64%

27 63%

28 62%

29 61%

30 60%

31 59%

32 59%

33 58%

34 57%

35 56%

36 56%

37 55%

38 55%

39 54%

40 54%

41 53%

42 53%

43 53%

44 and greater 52%

(3) Example. This paragraph (c) is illustrated by the following example:

Example

Distributions commence on January 1, 2003 to an employee (Z), born March 1, 1937, after retirement at age 65. Z's daughter (Y), born February 5, 1967, is Z's beneficiary. The distributions are in the form of a joint and survivor annuity for the lives of Z and Y with payments of $500 a month to Z and upon Z's death of $500 a month to Y, i.e., the projected monthly payment to Y is 100 percent of the monthly amount payable to Z. Accordingly, under A-10 of this section, compliance with the rules of this section is determined as of the annuity starting date. The adjusted employee/beneficiary age difference is calculated by taking the excess of the employee's age over the beneficiary's age and subtracting the number of years the employee is younger than age 70 . In this case, Z is 30 years older than Y and is commencing benefit 5 years before attaining age 70 so the adjusted employee/beneficiary age difference is 25 years. Under the table in paragraph (c)(2) of this A-2, the applicable percentage for a 25-year adjusted employee/beneficiary age difference is 66 percent. As of January 1, 2003 (the annuity starting date) the plan does not satisfy the MDIB requirement because, as of such date, the distribution option provides that, as of Z's required beginning date, the monthly payment to Y upon Z's death will exceed 66 percent of Z's monthly payment.

(d) Period certain and annuity features. If a distribution form includes a period certain, the amount of the annuity payments payable to the beneficiary need not be reduced during the period certain, but in the case of a joint and survivor annuity with a period certain, the amount of the annuity payments payable to the beneficiary must satisfy paragraph (c) of this A-2 after the expiration of the period certain.

(e) Deemed satisfaction of incidental benefit rule. Except in the case of distributions with respect to an employee's benefit that include an ancillary death benefit described in paragraph A-1(e) of this section, to the extent the incidental benefit requirement of Section 1.401-1(b)(1)(i) requires a distribution, that requirement is deemed to be satisfied if distributions satisfy the minimum distribution incidental benefit requirement of this A-2. If the employee's benefits include an ancillary death benefit described in paragraph A-1(e) of this section, the benefits (including the ancillary death benefit) must be distributed in accordance with the incidental benefit requirement described in Section 1.401-1(b)(1)(i) and the benefits (excluding the ancillary death benefit) must also satisfy the minimum distribution incidental benefit requirement of this A-2.

Q-3. How long is a period certain under a defined benefit plan permitted to extend?

A-3.

(a) Distributions commencing during the employee's life. The period certain for any annuity distributions commencing during the life of the employee with an annuity starting date on or after the employee's required beginning date generally is not permitted to exceed the applicable distribution period for the employee (determined in accordance with the Uniform Lifetime Table in A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-9) for the calendar year that contains the annuity starting date. See A-10 of this section for the rule for annuity payments with an annuity starting date before the required beginning date. However, if the employee's sole beneficiary is the employee's spouse, the period certain is permitted to be as long as the joint life and last survivor expectancy of the employee and the employee's spouse, if longer than the applicable distribution period for the employee, provided the period certain is not provided in conjunction with a life annuity under A-1(b) of this section.

(b) Distributions commencing after the employee's death.

(1) If annuity distributions commence after the death of the employee under the life expectancy rule (under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) or (iv)), the period certain for any distributions commencing after death cannot exceed the applicable distribution period determined under A-5(b) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 for the distribution calendar year that contains the annuity starting date.

(2) If the annuity starting date is in a calendar year before the first distribution calendar year, the period certain may not exceed the life expectancy of the designated beneficiary using the beneficiary's age in the year that contains the annuity starting date.

Q-4. Will a plan fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because distributions are made from an annuity contract which is purchased from an insurance company?

A-4.

A plan will not fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because distributions are made from an annuity contract which is purchased with the employee's benefit by the plan from an insurance company, as long as the payments satisfy the requirements of this section. If the annuity contract is purchased after the required beginning date, the first payment interval must begin on or before the purchase date and the payment required for one payment interval must be made no later than the end of such payment interval. If the payments actually made under the annuity contract do not meet the requirements of section 401(a)(9), the plan fails to satisfy section 401(a)(9). See also A-14 of this section permitting certain increases under annuity contracts.

Q-5. In the case of annuity distributions under a defined benefit plan, how must additional benefits that accrue after the employee's first distribution calendar year be distributed in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)?

A-5.

(a) In the case of annuity distributions under a defined benefit plan, if any additional benefits accrue in a calendar year after the employee's first distribution calendar year, distribution of the amount that accrues in the calendar year must commence in accordance with A-1 of this section beginning with the first payment interval ending in the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which such amount accrues.

(b) A plan will not fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because there is an administrative delay in the commencement of the distribution of the additional benefits accrued in a calendar year, provided that the actual payment of such amount commences as soon as practicable. However, payment must commence no later than the end of the first calendar year following the calendar year in which the additional benefit accrues, and the total amount paid during such first calendar year must be no less than the total amount that was required to be paid during that year under A-5(a) of this section.

Q-6. If a portion of an employee's benefit is not vested as of December 31 of a distribution calendar year, how is the determination of the required minimum distribution affected?

A-6.

In the case of annuity distributions from a defined benefit plan, if any portion of the employee's benefit is not vested as of December 31 of a distribution calendar year, the portion that is not vested as of such date will be treated as not having accrued for purposes of determining the required minimum distribution for that distribution calendar year. When an additional portion of the employee's benefit becomes vested, such portion will be treated as an additional accrual. See A-5 of this section for the rules for distributing benefits which accrue under a defined benefit plan after the employee's first distribution calendar year.

Q-7. If an employee (other than a 5-percent owner) retires after the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2, for what period must the employee's accrued benefit under a defined benefit plan be actuarially increased?

A-7.

(a) Actuarial increase starting date. If an employee (other than a 5-percent owner) retires after the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2, in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii), the employee's accrued benefit under a defined benefit plan must be actuarially increased to take into account any period after age 70 1/2 in which the employee was not receiving any benefits under the plan. The actuarial increase required to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii) must be provided for the period starting on the April 1 following the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2, or January 1, 1997, if later.

(b) Actuarial increase ending date. The period for which the actuarial increase must be provided ends on the date on which benefits commence after retirement in an amount sufficient to satisfy section 401(a)(9).

(c) Nonapplication to plan providing same required beginning date for all employees. If, as permitted under A-2(e) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2, a plan provides that the required beginning date for purposes of section 401(a)(9) for all employees is April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2 (regardless of whether the employee is a 5-percent owner) and the plan makes distributions in an amount sufficient to satisfy section 401(a)(9) using that required beginning date, no actuarial increase is required under section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii).

(d) Nonapplication to governmental and church plans. The actuarial increase required under this A-7 does not apply to a governmental plan (within the meaning of section 414(d)) or a church plan. For purposes of this paragraph, the term church plan means a plan maintained by a church for church employees, and the term church means any church (as defined in section 3121(w)(3)(A)) or qualified church-controlled organization (as defined in section 3121(w)(3)(B)).

Q-8. What amount of actuarial increase is required under section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii)?

A-8.

In order to satisfy section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii), the retirement benefits payable with respect to an employee as of the end of the period for actuarial increases (described in A-7 of this section) must be no less than: the actuarial equivalent of the employee's retirement benefits that would have been payable as of the date the actuarial increase must commence under paragraph (a) of A-7 of this section if benefits had commenced on tha t date; plus the actuarial equivalent of any additional benefits accrued after that date; reduced by the actuarial equivalent of any distributions made with respect to the employee's retirement benefits after that date. Actuarial equivalence is determined using the plan's assumptions for determining actuarial equivalence for purposes of satisfying section 411.

Q-9. How does the actuarial increase required under section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii) relate to the actuarial increase required under section 411?

A-9.

In order for any of an employee's accrued benefit to be nonforfeitable as required under section 411, a defined benefit plan must make an actuarial adjustment to an accrued benefit, the payment of which is deferred past normal retirement age. The only exception to this rule is that generally no actuarial adjustment is required to reflect the period during which a benefit is suspended as permitted under section 203(a)(3)(B) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) (88 Stat. 829). The actuarial increase required under section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii) for the period described in A-7 of this section is generally the same as, and not in addition to, the actuarial increase required for the same period under section 411 to reflect any delay in the payment of retirement benefits after normal retirement age. However, unlike the actuarial increase required under section 411, the actuarial increase required under section 401(a)(9)(C)(iii) must be provided even during any period during which an employee's benefit has been suspended in accordance with ERISA section 203(a)(3)(B).

Q-10. What rule applies if distributions commence to an employee on a date before the employee's required beginning date over a period permitted under section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) and the distribution form is an annuity under which distributions are made in accordance with the provisions of A-1 of this section?

A-10.

(a) General rule. If distributions commence to an employee on a date before the employee's required beginning date over a period permitted under section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) and the distribution form is an annuity under which distributions are made in accordance with the provisions of A-1 of this section, the annuity starting date will be treated as the required beginning date for purposes of applying the rules of this section and Section 1.401(a)(9)-2. Thus, for example, the designated beneficiary distributions will be determined as of the annuity starting date. Similarly, if the employee dies after the annuity starting date but before the required beginning date determined under A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2, after the employee's death, the remaining portion of the employee's interest must continue to be distributed in accordance with this section over the remaining period over which distributions commenced. The rules in Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 and section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) or (iii) and (iv) do not apply.

(b) Period certain. If, as of the employee's birthday in the year that contains the annuity starting date, the age of the employee is under 70, the following rule applies in applying the rule in paragraph (a) of A-3 of this section. The applicable distribution period for the employee is the distribution period for age 70, determined in accordance with the Uniform Lifetime Table in A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-9, plus the excess of 70 over the age of the employee as of the employee's birthday in the year that contains the annuity starting date.

(c) Adjustment to employee/beneficiary age difference. See A-2(c)(1) of this section for the determination of the adjusted employee/beneficiary age difference in the case of an employee whose age on the annuity starting date is less than 70.

Q-11. What rule applies if distributions commence to the surviving spouse of an employee over a period permitted under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii)(II) before the date on which distributions are required to commence and the distribution form is an annuity under which distributions are made as of the date distributions commence in accordance with the provisions of A-1 of this section.

A-11.

If distributions commence to the surviving spouse of an employee over a period permitted under section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii)(II) before the date on which distributions are required to commence and the distribution form is an annuity under which distributions are made as of the date distributions commence in accordance with the provisions of A-1 of this section, distributions will be considered to have begun on the actual commencement date for purposes of section 401(a)(9)(B)(iv)(II). Consequently, in such case, A-5 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3 and section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) and (iii) will not apply upon the death of the surviving spouse as though the surviving spouse were the employee. Instead, the annuity distributions must continue to be made, in accordance with the provisions of A-1 of this section, over the remaining period over which distributions commenced.

Q-12. In the case of an annuity contract under an individual account plan that has not yet been annuitized, how is section 401(a)(9) satisfied with respect to the employee's or beneficiary's entire interest under the annuity contract for the period prior to the date annuity payments so commence?

A-12.

(a) General rule. Prior to the date that an annuity contract under an individual account plan is annuitized, the interest of an employee or beneficiary under that contract is treated as an individual account for purposes of section 401(a)(9). Thus, the required minimum distribution for any year with respect to that interest is determined under Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 rather than this section. See A-1 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 for rules relating to the satisfaction of section 401(a)(9) in the year that annuity payments commence and A-2(a)(3) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-8.

(b) Entire interest. For purposes of applying the rules in Section 1.401(a)(9)-5, the entire interest under the annuity contract as of December 31 of the relevant valuation calendar year is treated as the account balance for the valuation calendar year described in A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5. The entire interest under an annuity contract is the dollar amount credited to the employee or beneficiary under the contract plus the actuarial present value of any additional benefits (such as survivor benefits in excess of the dollar amount credited to the employee or beneficiary) that will be provided under the contract. However, paragraph (c) of this A-12 describes certain additional benefits that may be disregarded in determining the employee's entire interest under the annuity contract. The actuarial present value of any additional benefits described under this A12 is to be determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions, including reasonable assumptions as to future distributions, and without regard to an individual's health.

(1) The actuarial present value of any additional benefits provided under an annuity contract described in paragraph (b) of this A-12 may be disregarded if the sum of the dollar amount credited to the employee or beneficiary under the contract and the actuarial present value of the additional benefits is no more than 120 percent of the dollar amount credited to the employee or beneficiary under the contract and the contract provides only for the following additional benefits:

(i) Additional benefits that, in the case of a distribution, are reduced by an amount sufficient to ensure that the ratio of such sum to the dollar amount credited does not increase as a result of the distribution, and

(ii) An additional benefit that is the right to receive a final payment upon death that does not exceed the excess of the premiums paid less the amount of prior distributions .

(2) If the only additional benefit provided under the contract is the additional benefit described in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this A-14, the additional benefit may be disregarded regardless of its value in relation to the dollar amount credited to the employee or beneficiary under the contract.

(3) The Commissioner in revenue rulings, notices, or other guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin (see Section 601.601(d)(2) of this chapter) may provide additional guidance on additional benefits that may be disregarded.

(d) Examples. The following examples, which use a 5 percent interest rate and the Mortality Table provided in Rev. Rul. 2001-62 (2001-2 C.B. 632), illustrate the application of the rules in this A-12:

Example 1.

(i) G is the owner of a variable annuity contract (Contract S) under an individual account plan which has not been annuitized. Contract S provides a death benefit until the end of the calendar year in which the owner attains the age of 84 equal to the greater of the current Contract S notional account value (dollar amount credited to G under the contract) and the largest notional account value at any previous policy anniversary reduced p roportionally for subsequent partial distributions (High Water Mark). Contract S provides a death benefit in calendar years after the calendar year in which the owner attains age 84 equal to the current notional account value. Contract S provides that assets within the contract may be invested in a Fixed Account at a guaranteed rate of 2 percent. Contract S provides no other additional benefits.

(ii) At the end of 2008, when G has an attained age of 78 and 9 months the notional account value of Contract S (after the distribution for 2008 of 4.93% of the notional account value as of December 31, 2007) is $550,000, and the High Water Mark, before adjustment for any withdrawals from Contract S in 2008 is $1,000,000. Thus, Contract S will provide additional benefits (i.e. the death benefits in excess of the notional account value) through 2014, the year S turns 84. The actuarial present value of these additional benefits at the end of 2008 is determined to be $84,300 (15 percent of the notional account value). In making this determination, the following assumptions are made: on the average, deaths occur mid-year; the investment return on his notional account value is 2 percent per annum; and minimum required distributions (determined without regard to additional benefits under the Contract S) are made at the end of each year. The following table summarizes the actuarial methodology used in determining the actuarial present value of the additional benefit.

End-of-Year Average Withdrawal End-of-Year

Death Benefit Notional Account Notional at End Notional Account

Year During Year Before Withdrawal Account of Year After Withdrawal

2008 $1,000,000 $550,000

2009 $ 950,739/1 $561,000/2 $555,500/3 $28,205/4 $532,795

2010 $ 901,983 $543,451 $538,123 $28,492 $514,959

2011 $ 853,749 $525,258 $520,109 $28,769 $496,490

2012 $ 806,053 $506,419 $501,454 $29,034 $477,385

2013 $ 758,916 $486,933 $482,159 $29,287 $457,645

2014 $ 712,356 $466,798 $462,222 $29,525 $437,273

Discounted

Additional

Survivorship to Interest Discount Mortality Benefits

Year Start of Year to End of 2008 Rate During Year Within Year

2008

2009 1.00000 .97590 .04426/5 $17,070

2010 .95574 .92943/6 .04946 $15,987/7

2011 .90847/8 .88517 .05519 $14,807

2012 .85833 .84302 .06146 $13,546

2013 .80558 .80288 .06788 $12,150

2014 .75090 .76464 .07477 $10,739

-------

$84,300

1 $1,000,000 death benefit reduced 4.93 percent for withdrawal

during 2008.

2 Notional account value at end of prior year (after distribution)

increased by 2 percent return for year.

3 Average of $550,000 notional account value at end of prior year

(after distribution) and $561,000 notional account value at end

of current year (before distribution).

4 December 31, 2008 notional account (before distribution) divided

by uniform lifetime table age 79 factor of 19.5.

5 One-quarter age 78 rate plus three-quarters age 79 rate.

6 Five percent discounted 18 months (1.05^(-1.5)).

7 Blended age 79/age 80 mortality rate (.04946) multiplied by the

$363,860 excess of death benefit over the average notional account

value (901,983 less 538,123) multiplied by .95574 probability of

survivorship to the start of 2010 multiplied by 18 month interest

discount of .92943.

8 Survivorship to start of preceding year (.95574) multiplied by

probability of survivorship during prior year (1 -.04946).

(iii) Because Contract S provides that, in the case of a distribution, the value of the additional death benefit (which is the only additional benefit available under the contract) is reduced by an amount that is at least proportional to the reduction in the notional account value and, at age 78 and 9 months, the sum of the notional account value (dollar amount credited to the employee under the contract) and the actuarial present value of the additional death benefit is no more than 120 percent of the notional account value, the exclusion under paragraph (c)(2) of this A-12 is applicable for 2009. Therefore, for purposes of applying the rules in Section 1.401(a)(9)-5, the entire interest under Contract S may be determined as the notional account value (i.e. without regard to the additional death benefit).

Example 2.

(i) The facts are the same as in Example 1 except that the notional account value is $450,000 at the end of 2008. In this instance, the actuarial present value of the death benefit in excess of the notional account value in 2008 is determined to be $108,669 (24 percent of the notional account value). The following table summarizes the actuarial methodology used in determining the actuarial present value of the additional benefit.

End-of-Year Average Withdrawal End-of-Year

Death Benefit Notional Account Notional at End Notional Account

Year During Year Before Withdrawal Account of Year After Withdrawal

2008 $1,000,000 $450,000

2009 $ 950,739 $459,000 $454,500 $23,077 $435,923

2010 $ 901,983 $444,642 $440,282 $23,311 $421,330

2011 $ 853,749 $429,757 $425,543 $23,538 $406,219

2012 $ 806,053 $414,343 $410,281 $23,755 $390,588

2013 $ 758,916 $398,399 $394,494 $23,962 $374,437

2014 $ 712,356 $381,926 $378,181 $24,157 $357,768

Discounted

Additional

Survivorship to Interest Discount Mortality Benefits

Year Start of Year to End of 2008 Rate During Year Within Year

2008

2009 1.00000 .97590 .04426 $21,432

2010 .95574 .92943 .04946 $20,286

2011 .90847 .88517 .05519 $19,004

2012 .85833 .84302 .06146 $17,601

2013 .80558 .80288 .06788 $15,999

2014 .75090 .76464 .07477 $14,347

-------

$108,669

(ii) Because the sum of the notional account balance and the actuarial present value of the additional death benefit is more than 120 percent of the notional account value, the exclusion under paragraph (b)(1) of this A-12 does not apply for 2009. Therefore, for purposes of applying the rules in Section 1.401(a)(9)-5, the entire interest under Contract S must include the actuarial present value of the additional death benefit.

Q-13. When can an annuity payment period be changed?

A-13.

(a) In general. An annuity payment period may be changed in accordance with the provisions set forth in paragraph (b) of this A-13 or in association with an annuity payment increase described in A-14 of this section.

(b) Reannuitization. If, in a stream of annuity payments that otherwise satisfies section 401(a)(9), the annuity payment period is changed and the annuity payments are modified in association with that change, this modification will not cause the distributions to fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) provided the conditions set forth in paragraph (c) of this A-13 are satisfied, and either --

(1) The modification occurs at the time that the employee retires or in connection with a plan termination;

(2) The annuity payments prior to modification are annuity payments paid over a period certain without life contingencies; or

(3) The annuity payments after modification are paid under a qualified joint and survivor annuity over the joint lives of the employee and a designated beneficiary, the employee's spouse is the sole designated beneficiary, and the modification occurs in connection with the employee becoming married to such spouse.

(c) Conditions. In order to modify a stream of annuity payments in accordance with paragraph (b) of this A-13, the following conditions must be satisfied -

(1) The future payments under the modified stream satisfy section 401(a)(9) and this section (determined by treating the date of the change as a new annuity starting date and the actuarial present value of the remaining payments prior to modification as the entire interest of the participant);

(2) For purposes of sections 415 and 417, the modification is treated as a new annuity starting date;

(3) After taking into account the modification, the annuity stream satisfies section 415 (determined at the original annuity starting date, using the interest rates and mortality tables applicable to such date); and

(4) The end point of the period certain, if any, for any modified payment period is not later than the end point available under section 401(a)(9) to the employee at the original annuity starting date.

(d) Examples. For the following examples in this A-13, assume that the Applicable Interest Rate throughout the period from 2005 through 2008 is 5 percent and throughout 2009 is 4 percent, the Applicable Mortality Table throughout the period from 2005 to 2009 is the table provided in Rev. Rul. 2001-62 (2001-C.B. 632) and the section 415 limit in 2005 at age 70 for a straight life annuity is $255,344:

Example 1.

(i) A participant (D), who has 10 years of participation in a frozen defined benefit plan (Plan W), attains age 70 1/2 in 2005. D is not retired and elects to receive distributions from Plan W in the form of a straight life (i.e. level payment) annuity with annual payments of $240,000 per year beginning in 2005 at a date when D has an attained age of 70. Plan W offers non-retired employees in pay status the opportunity to modify their annuity payments due to an associated change in the payment period at retirement. Plan W treats the date of the change in payment period as a new annuity starting date for the purposes of sections 415 and 417. Thus, for example, the plan provides a new qualified and joint survivor annuity election and obtains spousal consent.

(ii) Plan W determines modifications of annuity payment amounts at retirement such that the present value of future new annuity payment amounts (taking into account the new associated payment period) is actuarially equivalent to the present value of future pre-modification annuity payments (taking into account the pre-modification annuity payment period). Actuarial equivalency for this purpose is determined using the Applicable Interest Rate and the Applicable Mortality Table as of the date of modification.

(iii) D retires in 2009 at the age of 74 and, after receiving four annual payments of $240,000, elects to receive his remaining distributions from Plan W in the form of an immediate final lump sum payment (calculated at 4 percent interest) of $2,399,809.

(iv) Because payment of retirement benefits in the form of an immediate final lump sum payment satisfies (in terms of form) section 401(a)(9), the condition under paragraph (c)(1) of this A-13 is met.

(v) Because Plan W treats a modification of an annuity payment stream at retirement as a new annuity starting date for purposes of sections 415 and 417, the condition under paragraph (c)(2) of this A-13 is met.

(vi) After taking into account the modification, the annuity stream determined as of the original annuity starting date consists of annual payments beginning at age 70 of $240,000, $240,000, $240,000, $240,000, and $2,399,809. This benefit stream is actuarially equivalent to a straight life annuity at age 70 of $250,182, an amount less than the section 415 limit determined at the original annuity starting date, using the interest and mortality rates applicable to such date. Thus, the condition under paragraph (c)(3) of this A-13 is met.

(vii) Thus, because a stream of annuity payments in the form of a straight life annuity satisfies section 401(a)(9), and because each of the conditions under paragraph (c) of this A-13 are satisfied, the modification of annuity payments to D described in this example meets the requirements under of this A-13.

Example 2.

The facts are the same as in Example 1 except that the straight life annuity payments are paid at a rate of $250,000 per year and after D retires the lump sum payment at age 75 is $2,499,801. Thus, after taking into account the modification, the annuity stream determined as of the original annuity starting date consists of annual payments beginning at age 70 of $250,000, $250,000, $250,000, $250,000, and $2,499,801. This benefit stream is actuarially equivalent to a straight life annuity at age 70 of $260,606, an amount greater than the section 415 limit determined at the original annuity starting date, using the interest and mortality rates applicable to such date. Thus, the lump sum payment to D fails to satisfy the condition under paragraph (c)(3) of this A-13. Therefore, the lump sum payment to D fails to meet the requirements of this A-13 and thus fails to satisfy the requirements of section 401(a)(9).

Example 3.

(i) A participant (E), who has 10 years of participation in a frozen defined benefit plan (Plan X), attains age 70 1/2 and retires in 2005 at a date when his attained age is 70. E elects to receive annual distributions from Plan X in the form of a 27 year period certain annuity (i.e., a 27 year annuity payment period without a life contingency) paid at a rate of $37,000 per year beginning in 2005 with future payments increasing at a rate of 4 percent per year (i.e., the 2006 payment will be $38,480, the 2007 payment will be $40,019 and so on). Plan X offers participants in pay status whose annuity payments are in the form of a term-certain annuity the opportunity to modify their payment period at any time and treats such modifications as a new annuity starting date for the purposes of sections 415 and 417. Thus, for example, the plan provides a new qualified and joint survivor annuity election and obtains spousal consent

(ii) Plan X determines modifications of annuity payment amounts such that the present value of future new annuity payment amounts (taking into account the new associated payment period) is actuarially equivalent to the present value of future pre-modification annuity payments (taking into account the pre-modification annuity payment period). Actuarial equivalency for this purpose is determined using 5 percent and the Applicable Mortality Table as of the date of modification.

(iii) In 2008, E, after receiving annual payments of $37,000, $38,480, and $40,019, elects to receive his remaining distributions from Plan W in the form of a straight life annuity paid with annual payments of $92,133 per year.

(iv) Because payment of retirement benefits in the form of a straight life annuity satisfies (in terms of form) section 401(a)(9), the condition under paragraph (c)(1) of this A-13 is met.

(v) Because Plan X treats a modification of an annuity payment stream at retirement as a new annuity starting date for purposes of sections 415 and 417, the condition under paragraph (c)(2) of this A-13 is met.

(vi) After taking into account the modification, the annuity stream determined as of the original annuity starting date consists of annual payments beginning at age 70 of $37,000, $38,480, $40,019, and a straight life annuity beginning at age 73 of $92,133. This benefit stream is equivalent to a straight life annuity at age 70 of $82,539, an amount less than the section 415 limit determined at the original annuity starting date, using the interest and mortality rates applicable to such date. Thus, the condition under paragraph (c)(3) of this A-13 is met.

(vii) Thus, because a stream of annuity payments in the form of a straight life annuity satisfies section 401(a)(9), and because each of the conditions under paragraph (c) of this A-13 are satisfied, the modification of annuity payments to E described in this example meets the requirements of this A-13.

Q-14. Are annuity payments permitted to increase?

A-14.

(a) General rules. Except as otherwise provided in this section, all annuity payments (whether paid over an employee's life, joint lives, or a period certain) must be nonincreasing or increase only in accordance with one of more of the following --

(1) With an annual percentage increase that does not exceed the percentage increase in an eligible cost-of-living index as defined in paragraph (b) of this A-14 for a 12-month period ending in the year during which the increase occurs or the prior year;

(2) With a percentage increase that occurs at specified times (e.g., at specified ages) and does not exceed the cumulative total of annual percentage increases in an eligible cost-of-living index as defined in paragraph (b) of this A-14 since the annuity starting date, or if later, the date of the most recent percentage increase. However, in cases providing such a cumulative increase, an actuarial increase may not be provided to reflect the fact that increases were not provided in the interim years;

(3) To the extent of the reduction in the amount of the employee's payments to provide for a survivor benefit, but only if there is no longer a survivor benefit because the beneficiary whose life was being used to determine the period described in section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) over which payments were being made dies or is no longer the employee's beneficiary pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order within the meaning of section 414(p);

(4) To pay increased benefits that result from a plan amendment;

(5) To allow a beneficiary to convert the survivor portion of a joint and survivor annuity into a single sum distribution upon the employee's death; or

(6) To the extent increases are permitted in accordance with paragraph (c) or (d) of this A-14.

(b)(1) For purposes of this A-14, an eligible cost-of-living index means an index described in paragraphs (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) of this A-14.

(2) A consumer price index that is based on prices of all items (or all items excluding food and energy) and issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, including an index for a specific population (such as urban consumers or urban wage earners and clerical workers) and an index for a geographic area or areas (such as a given metropolitan area or state).

(3) A percentage adjustment based on a cost-of-living index described in paragraph (b)(2) of this A-14, or a fixed percentage if less. In any year when the cost-of-living index is lower than the fixed percentage, the fixed percentage may be treated as an increase in an eligible cost-of-living index, provided it does not exceed the sum of:

(i) The cost-of-living index for that year, and

(ii) The accumulated excess of the annual cost-of-living index from each prior year over the fixed annual percentage used in that year (reduced by any amount previously utilized under this paragraph (b)(3)(ii)).

(4) A percentage adjustment based on the increase in compensation for the position held by the employee at the time of retirement, and provided under either the terms of a governmental plan within the meaning of section 414(d) or under the terms of a nongovernmental plan as in effect on April 17, 2002.

(c) Additional permitted increases for annuity payments under annuity contracts purchased from insurance companies. In the case of annuity payments paid from an annuity contract purchased from an insurance company, if the total future expected payments (determined in accordance with paragraph (e)(3) of this A-14) exceed the total value being annuitized (within the meaning of paragraph (e)(1) of this A-14), the payments under the annuity will not fail to satisfy the nonincreasing payment requirement in A-1(a) of this section merely because the payments are increased in accordance with one or more of the following--

(1) By a constant percentage, applied not less frequently than annually;

(2) To provide a final payment upon the death of the employee that does not exceed the excess of the total value being annuitized (within the meaning of paragraph (e)(1) of this A-14) over the total of payments before the death of the employee;

(3) As a result of dividend payments or other payments that result from actuarial gains (within the meaning of paragraph (e)(2) of this A-14), but only if actuarial gain is measured no less frequently than annually and the resulting dividend payments or other payments are either paid no later than the year following the year for which the actuarial experience is measured or paid in the same form as the payment of the annuity over the remaining period of the annuity (beginning no later than the year following the year for which the actuarial experience is measured); and

(4) An acceleration of payments under the annuity (within the meaning of paragraph (e)(4) of this A-14).

(d) Additional permitted increases for annuity payments from a qualified trust. In the case of annuity payments paid under a defined benefit plan qualified under section 401(a) (other than annuity payments under an annuity contract purchased from an insurance company that satisfy paragraph (c) of this section), the payments under the annuity will not fail to satisfy the nonincreasing payment requirement in A-1(a) of this section merely because the payments are increased in accordance with one of the following --

(1) By a constant percentage, applied not less frequently than annually, at a rate that is less than 5 percent per year;

(2) To provide a final payment upon the death of the employee that does not exceed the excess of the actuarial present value of the employee's accrued benefit (within the meaning of section 411(a)(7)) calculated as the annuity starting date using the applicable interest rate and the applicable mortality table under section 417(e) (or, if greater, the total amount of employee contributions) over the total of payments before the death of the employee; or

(3) As a result of dividend payments or other payments that result from actuarial gains (within the meaning of paragraph (e)(2) of this A-14), but only if --

(i) Actuarial gain is measured no less frequently than annually;

(ii) The resulting dividend payments or other payments are either paid no later than the year following the year for which the actuarial experience is measured or paid in the same form as the payment of the annuity over the remaining period of the annuity (beginning no later than the year following the year for which the actuarial experience is measured);

(iii) The actuarial gain taken into account is limited to actuarial gain from investment experience;

(iv) The assumed interest used to calculate such actuarial gains is not less than 3 percent; and

(v) The payments are not increasing by a constant percentage as described in paragraph (d)(1) of this A-14.

(e) Definitions. For purposes of this A-14, the following definitions apply --

(1) Total value being annuitized means --

(i) In the case of annuity payments under a section 403(a) annuity plan or under a deferred annuity p urchased by a section 401(a) trust, the value of the employee's entire interest (within the meaning of A-12 of this section) being annuitized (valued as of the date annuity payments commence);

(ii) In the case of annuity payments under an immediate annuity contract purchased by a trust for a defined benefit plan qualified under section 401(a), the amount of the premium used to purchase the contract; and

(iii) In the case of a defined contribution plan, the value of the employee's account balance used to p urchase an immediate annuity under the contract.

(2) Actuarial gain means the difference between an amount determined using the actuarial assumptions (i.e., investment return, mortality, expense, and other similar assumptions) used to calculate the initial payments before adjustment for any increases and the amount determined under the actual experience with respect to those factors. Actuarial gain also includes differences between the amount determined using actuarial assumptions when an annuity was purchased or commenced and such amount determined using actuarial assumptions used in calculating payments at the time the actuarial gain is determined.

(3) Total future expected payments means the total future payments expected to be made under the annuity contract as of the date of the determination, calculated using the Single Life Table in A-1 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 (or, if applicable, the Joint and Last Survivor Table in A-3 of in Section 1.401(a)(9)-9) for annuitants who are still alive, without regard to any increases in annuity payments after the date of determination, and taking into account any remaining period certain.

(4) Acceleration of payments means a shortening of the payment period with respect to an annuity or a full or partial commutation of the future annuity payments. An increase in the payment amount will be treated as an acceleration of payments in the annuity only if the total future expected payments under the annuity (including the amount of any payment made as a result of the acceleration) is decreased as a result of the change in payment period.

(f) Examples. Paragraph (c) of this A-14 is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1. Variable annuity.

A retired participant (Z1) in defined contribution plan X attains age 70 on March 5, 2005, and thus, attains age 70 1/2 in 2005. Z1 elects to purchase annuity Contract Y1 from Insurance Company W in 2005. Contract Y1 is a single life annuity contract with a 10-year period certain. Contract Y1 provides for an initial annual payment calculated with an assumed interest rate (AIR) of 3 percent. Subsequent payments are determined by multiplying the prior year's payment by a fraction the numerator of which is 1 plus the actual return on the separate account assets underlying Contract Y1 since the preceding payment and the denominator of which is 1 plus the AIR during that period. The value of Z1's account balance in Plan X at the time of purchase is $105,000, and the purchase price of Contract Y1 is $105,000. Contract Y1 provides Z1 with an initial payment of $7,200 at the time of purchase in 2005. The total future expected payments to Z1 under Contract Y1 are $122,400, calculated as the initial payment of $7,200 multiplied by the age 70 life expectancy of 17 provided in the Single Life Table in A-1 of '1.401(a)(9)-9. Because the total future expected payments on the purchase date exceed the total value used to purchase Contract Y1 and payments may only increase as a result of actuarial gain, with such increases, beginning no later than the next year, paid in the same form as the payment of the annuity over the remaining period of the annuity, distributions received by Z1 from Contract Y1 meet the requirements under paragraph (c)(3) of this A-14.

Example 2. Participating annuity.

A retired participant (Z2) in defined contribution plan X attains age 70 on May 1, 2005, and thus, attains age 70 1/2 in 2005. Z2 elects to purchase annuity Contract Y2 from Insurance Company W in 2005. Contract Y2 is a participating single life annuity contract with a 10-year period certain. Contract Y2 provides for level annual payments with dividends paid in a lump sum in the year after the year for which the actuarial experience is measured or paid out levelly beginning in the year after the year for which the actuarial gain is measured over the remaining lifetime and period certain, i.e., the period certain ends at the same time as the original period certain. Dividends are determined annually by the Board of Directors of Company W based upon a comparison of actual actuarial experience to expected actuarial experience in the past year. The value of Z2's account balance in Plan X at the time of purchase is $265,000, and the purchase price of Contract Y2 is $265,000. Contract Y2 provides Z2 with an initial payment of $16,000 in 2005. The total future expected payments to Z2 under Contract Y2 are calculated as the annual initial payment of $16,000 multiplied by the age 70 life expectancy of 17 provided in the Single Life Table in A-1 of §1.401(a)(9)-9 for a total of $272,000. Because the total future expected payments on the purchase date exceeds the total value used to purchase Contract Y2 and payments may only increase as a result of actuarial gain, with such increases, beginning no later than the next year, paid in the same form as the payment of the annuity over the remaining period of the annuity, distributions received by Z2 from Contract Y2 meet the requirements under paragraph (c)(3) of this A-14.

Example 3. Participating annuity with dividend accumulation.

The facts are the same as in Example 2 except that the annuity provides a dividend accumulation option under which Z2 may defer receipt of the dividends to a time selected by Z2. Because the dividend accumulation option permits dividends to be paid later than the end of the year following the year for which the actuarial experience is measured or as a stream of payments that only increase as a result of actuarial gain, with such increases beginning no later than the next year, paid in the same form as the payment o f the annuity over the remaining period of the annuity in Example 2, the dividend accumulation option does not meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(3) of this A-14. Neither does the dividend accumulation option fit within any of the other increases described in paragraph (c) of this A-14. Accordingly, the dividend accumulation option causes the contract, and consequently any distributions from the contract, to fail to meet the requirements of this A-14 and thus fail to satisfy the requirements of section 401(a)(9).

Example 4. Participating annuity with dividends used to purchase additional death benefits.

The facts are the same as in Example 2 except that the annuity provides an option under which actuarial gain under the contract is used to provide additional death benefit protection for Z2. Because this option permits payments as a result of actuarial gain to be paid later than the end of the year following the year for which the actuarial experience is measured or as a stream of payments that only increase as a result of actuarial gain, with such increases beginning no later than the next year, paid in the same form as the payment of the annuity over the remaining period of the annuity in Example 2, the option does not meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(3) of this A-14. Neither does the option fit within any of the other increases described in paragraph (c) of this A-14. Accordingly, the addition of the option causes the contract, and consequently any distributions from the contract, to fail to meet the requirements of this A-14 and thus fail to satisfy the requirements of section 401(a)(9).

Example 5. Annuity with a fixed percentage increase.

A retired participant (Z3) in defined contribution plan X attains age 70 1/2 in 2005. Z3 elects to purchase annuity contract Y3 from Insurance Company W. Contract Y3 is a single life annuity contract with a 20-year period certain (which does not exceed the maximum period certain permitted under A-3(a) of this section) with fixed annual payments increasing 3 percent each year. The value of Z3's account balance in Plan X at the time of purchase is $110,000, and the purchase price of Contract Y3 is $110,000. Contract Y3 provides Z3 with an initial payment of $6,000 at the time of purchase in 2005. The total future expected payments to Z3 under Contract Y3 are $120,000, calculated as the initial annual payment of $6,000 multiplied by the period certain of 20 years. Because the total future expected payments on the purchase date exceed the total value used to purchase Contract Y3 and payments only increase as a constant percentage applied not less frequently than annually, distributions received by Z3 from Contract Y3 meet the requirements under paragraph (c)(1) of this A-14.

Example 6. Annuity with excessive increases.

The facts are the same as in Example 5 except that the initial payment is $5,400 and the annual rate of increase is 4 percent. In this example, the total future expected payments are $108,000, calculated as the initial payment of $5,400 multiplied by the period certain of 20 years. Because the total future expected payments are less than the total value of $110,000 used to purchase Contract Y3, distributions received by Z3 do not meet the requirements under paragraph (c) of this A-14 and thus fail to meet the requirements of section 401(a)(9).

Example 7. Annuity with full commutation feature.

(i) A retired participant (Z4) in defined contribution Plan X attains age 78 in 2005. Z4 elects to purchase Contract Y4 from Insurance Company W. Contract Y4 provides for a single life annuity with a 10 year period certain (which does not exceed the maximum period certain permitted under A-3(a) of this section) with annual payments. Contract Y4 provides that Z4 may cancel Contract Y4 at any time before Z4 attains age 84, and receive, on his next payment due date, a final payment in an amount determined by multiplying the initial payment amount by a factor obtained from Table M of Contract Y4 using the Y4's age as of Y4's birthday in the calendar year of the final payment. The value of Z4's account balance in Plan X at the time of purchase is $450,000, and the purchase price of Contract Y4 is $450,000. Contract Y4 provides Z4 with an initial payment in 2005 of $40,000. The factors in Table M are as follows:

Age at Final Payment Factor

79 10.5

80 10.0

81 9.5

82 9.0

83 8.5

84 8.0

(ii) The total future expected payments to Z4 under Contract Y4 are $456,000, calculated as the initial payment of 40,000 multiplied by the age 78 life expectancy of 11.4 provided in the Single Life Table in A-1 of '1.401(a)(9)-9. Because the total future expected payments on the purchase date exceed the total value being annuitized (i.e., the $450,000 used to purchase Contract Y4), the permitted increases set forth in paragraph (c) of this A-14 are available. Furthermore, because the factors in Table M are less than the life expectancy of each of the ages in the Single Life Table provided in A-1 of '1.401(a)(9)-9, the final payment is always less than the total future expected payments. Thus, the final payment is an acceleration of payments within the meaning of paragraph (c)(4) of this A-14.

(iii) As an illustration of the above, if Participant Z4 were to elect to cancel Contract Y4 on the day before he was to attain age 84, his contractual final payment would be $320,000. This amount is determined as $40,000 (the annual payment amount due under Contract Y4) multiplied by 8.0 (the factor in Table M for the next payment due date, age 84). The total future expected payments under Contract Y4 at age 84 before the final payment is $324,000, calculated as the initial payment amount multiplied by 8.1, the age 84 life expectancy provided in the Single Life Table in A-1 of §1.401(a)(9)-9. Because $320,000 (the total future expected payments under the annuity contract, including the amount of the final payment) is less than $324,000 (the total future expected payments under the annuity contract, determined before the election), the final payment is an acceleration of payments within the meaning of paragraph (c)(4) of this A-14.

Example 8. Annuity with partial commutation feature.

(i) The facts are the same as in Example 7 except that the annuity provides Z4 may request, at any time before Z4 attains age 84, an ad hoc payment on his next payment due date with future payments reduced by an amount equal to the ad hoc payment divided by the factor obtained from Table M (from Example 7) corresponding to Z4's age at the time of the ad hoc payment. Because, at each age, the factors in Table M are less than the corresponding life expectancies in the Single Life Table in A-1 of §1.401(a)(9)-9, total future expected payments under Contract Y4 will decrease after an ad hoc payment. Thus, ad hoc distributions received by Z4 from Contract Y4 will satisfy the requirements under paragraph (c)(4) of this A-4.

(ii) As an illustration of paragraph (i) of this Example 8, if Z4 were to request, on the day before he was to attain age 84, an ad hoc payment of $100,000 on his next payment due date, his recalculated annual payment amount would be reduced to $27,500. This amount is determined as $40,000 ( the amount of Z4's next annual payment) reduced by $12,500 (his $100,000 ad hoc payment divided by the Table M factor at age 84 of 8.0). Thus, Z4's total future expected payments after the ad hoc payment (and including the ad hoc payment) are equal to $322,750 ($100,000 plus $27,500 multiplied by the Single Life Table value of 8.1). Note that this $322,750 amount is less than the amount of Z4's total future expected payments before the ad hoc payment ($324,000, determined as $40,000 multiplied by 8.1), and the requirements under paragraph (c)(4) of this A-4 are be satisfied.

Example 9. Annuity with excessive increases.

(i) A retired participant (Z5) in defined contribution plan X attains age 70 1/2 in 2005. Z5 elects to purchase annuity Contract Y5 from Insurance Company W in 2005 with a premium of $1,000,000. Contract Y5 is a single life annuity contract with a 20-year period certain. Contract Y5 provides for an initial payment of $200,000, a second payment one year from the time of purchase of $40,000, and 18 succeeding annual payments each increasing at a constant percentage rate of 4.5 percent from the preceding payment.

(ii) Contract Y5 fails to meet the requirements of section 401(a)(9) because the total future expected payments without regard to any increases in the annuity payment, calculated as $200,000 in year one and $40,000 in each of years two through twenty, is only $960,000 (i.e., an amount that does not exceed the total value used to purchase the annuity).

Q-15. Are there special rules applicable to payments made under a defined benefit plan or annuity contract to a surviving child?

A-15.

Yes, Pursuant to section 401(a)(9)(F), payments under a defined benefit plan or annuity contract that are made to an employee's child until such child reaches the age of majority (or dies, if earlier) may be treated, for purposes of section 401(a)(9), as if such payments were made to the surviving spouse to the extent they become payable to the surviving spouse upon cessation of the payments to the child. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a child may be treated as having not reached the age of majority if the child has not completed a specified course of education and is under the age of 26. In addition, a child who is disabled within the meaning of section 72(m)(7) when the child reaches the age of majority may be treated as having not reached the age of majority so long as the child continues to be disabled. Thus, when payments described in this paragraph A-15 become payable to the surviving spouse because the child attains the age of majority, recovers from a disabling illness, dies, or completes a specified course of education, there is not an increase in benefits under A1 of this section. Likewise, the age of child receiving such payments is not taken into consideration for purposes of the minimum incidental benefit requirement of A-2 of this section.

Q-16. Will a governmental plan within the meaning of section 414(d) fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) if annuity payments under the plan do not satisfy this section?

A-16.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this A-16, annuity payments under a governmental plan within the meaning of section 414(d) must satisfy this section.

(b) In the case of an annuity distribution option provided under the terms of a governmental plan as in effect on April 17, 2002, the plan will not fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because the annuity payments do not satisfy the requirements A-1 through A-15 of this section, provided the distribution option satisfies section 401(a)(9) based on a reasonable and good faith interpretation of the provisions of section 401(a)(9).

Q-17. What are the rules for determining required minimum distributions for defined benefit plans and annuity contracts for calendar years 2003, 2004, and 2005?

A-17.

A distribution from a defined benefit plan or annuity contract for calendar years 2003, 2004, and 2005 will not fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because the payments do not satisfy A-1 through A-16 of this section, provided the payments satisfy section 401(a)(9) based on a reasonable and good faith interpretation of the provisions of section 401(a)(9). For governmental plans, this reasonable good faith standard extends to the end of the calendar year that contains the 90th day after the opening of the first legislative session of the legislative body with the authority to amend the plan that begins on or after June 15, 2004, if such 90th day is later than December 31, 2005.

[T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-7 Rollovers and transfers.

Q-1. If an amount is distributed by one plan (distributing plan) and is rolled over to another plan, is the required minimum distribution under the distributing plan affected by the rollover?

A-1.

No, if an amount is distributed by one plan and is rolled over to another plan, the amount distributed is still treated as a distribution by the distributing plan for purposes of section 401(a)(9), notwithstanding the rollover. See A-1 of Section 1.402(c)-2 for the definition of a rollover and A-7 of Section 1.402(c)-2 for rules for determining the portion of any distribution that is not eligible for rollover because it is a required minimum distribution.

Q-2. If an amount is distributed by one plan (distributing plan) and is rolled over to another plan (receiving plan), how are the benefit and the required minimum distribution under the receiving plan affected?

A-2.

If an amount is distributed by one plan (distributing plan) and is rolled over to another plan (receiving plan), the benefit of the employee under the receiving plan is increased by the amount rolled over for purposes of determining the required minimum distribution for the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the amount rolled over is distributed. If the amount rolled over is received after the last valuation date in the calendar year under the receiving plan, the benefit of the employee as of such valuation date, adjusted in accordance with A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5, will be increased by the rollover amount valued as of the date of receipt. In addition, if the amount rolled over is received in a different calendar year from the calendar year in which it is distributed, the amount rolled over is deemed to have been received by the receiving plan in the calendar year in which it was distributed.

Q-3. In the case of a transfer of an amount of an employee's benefit from one plan (transferor plan) to another plan (transferee plan), are there any special rules for satisfying section 401(a)(9) or determining the employee's benefit under the transferor plan?

A-3.

(a) In the case of a transfer of an amount of an employee's benefit from one plan (transferor plan) to another (transferee plan), the transfer is not treated as a distribution by the transferor plan for purposes of section 401(a)(9). Instead, the benefit of the employee under the transferor plan is decreased by the amount transferred. However, if any portion of an employee's benefit is transferred in a distribution calendar year with respect to that employee, in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9), the transferor plan must determine the amount of the required minimum distribution with respect to that employee for the calendar year of the transfer using the employee's benefit under the transferor plan before the transfer. Additionally, if any portion of an employee's benefit is transferred in the employee's second distribution calendar year but on or before the employee's required beginning date, in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9), the transferor plan must determine the amount of the minimum distribution requirement for the employee's first distribution calendar year based on the employee's benefit under the transferor plan before the transfer. The transferor plan may satisfy the minimum distribution requirement for the calendar year of the transfer (and the prior year if applicable) by segregating the amount which must be distributed from the employee's benefit and not transferring that amount. Such amount may be retained by the transferor plan and must be distributed on or before the date required under section 401(a)(9).

(b) For purposes of determining any required minimum distribution for the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the transfer occurs, in the case of a transfer after the last valuation date for the calendar year of the transfer under the transferor plan, the benefit of the employee as of such valuation date, adjusted in accordance with A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5, will be decreased by the amount transferred, valued as of the date of the transfer.

Q-4. If an amount of an employee's benefit is transferred from one plan (transferor plan) to another plan (transferee plan), how are the benefit and the required minimum distribution under the transferee plan affected?

A-4.

In the case of a transfer from one plan (transferor plan) to another (transferee plan), the benefit of the employee under the transferee plan is increased by the amount transferred in the same manner as if it were a plan receiving a rollover contribution under A-2 of this section.

Q-5. How is a spinoff, merger or consolidation (as defined in Section 1.414(l)-1) treated for purposes of determining an employee's benefit and required minimum distribution under section 401(a)(9)?

A-5.

For purposes of determining an employee's benefit and required minimum distribution under section 401(a)(9), a spinoff, a merger, or a consolidation (as defined in Section 1.414(l)-1) will be treated as a transfer of the benefits of the employees involved. Consequently, the benefit and required minimum distribution of each employee involved under the transferor and transferee plans will be determined in accordance with A-3 and A-4 of this section.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-8 Special rules.

Q-1. What distribution rules apply if an employee is a participant in more than one plan?

A-1.

If an employee is a participant in more than one plan, the plans in which the employee participates are not permitted to be aggregated for purposes of testing whether the distribution requirements of section 401(a)(9) are met. The distribution of the benefit of the employee under each plan must separately meet the requirements of section 401(a)(9). For this purpose, a plan described in section 414(k) is treated as two separate plans, a defined contribution plan to the extent benefits are based on an individual account and a defined benefit plan with respect to the remaining benefits.

Q-2. If an employee's benefit under a defined contribution plan is divided into separate accounts (or under a defined benefit plan is divided into segregated shares), do the distribution rules in section 401(a)(9) and these regulations apply separately to each separate account?

A-2.

(a) Defined contribution plan.

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this A-2, if an employee's benefit under a defined contribution plan is divided into separate accounts under the plan, the separate accounts will be aggregated for purposes of satisfying the rules in section 401(a)(9). Thus, except as otherwise provided in this A-2, all separate accounts, including a separate account for employee contributions under section 72(d)(2), will be aggregated for purposes of section 401(a)(9).

(2) If the employee's benefit in a defined contribution plan is divided into separate accounts and the beneficiaries with respect to one separate account differ from the beneficiaries with respect to the other separate accounts of the employee under the plan, for years subsequent to the calendar year containing the date as of which the separate accounts were established, or date of death if later, such separate account under the plan is not aggregated with the other separate accounts under the plan in order to determine whether the distributions from such separate account under the plan satisfy section 401(a)(9). Instead, the rules in section 401(a)(9) separately apply to such separate account under the plan. However, the applicable distribution period for each such separate account is determined disregarding the other beneficiaries of the employee's benefit only if the separate account is established on a date no later than the last day of the year following the calendar year of the employee's death. For example, if, in the case of a distribution described in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), the only beneficiary of a separate account under the plan established on a date no later than the end of the year following the calendar year of the employee's death is the employee's surviving spouse, and beneficiaries other than the surviving spouse are designated with respect to the other separate accounts with respect to the employee, distribution of the spouse's separate account under the plan need not commence until the date determined under the first sentence in A-3(b) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, even if distribution of the other separate accounts under the plan must commence at an earlier date. Similarly, in the case of a distribution after the death of an employee to which section 401(a)(9)(B)(i) does not apply, distribution from a separate account of an employee established on a date no later than the end of the year following the year of the employee's death may be made over a beneficiary's life expectancy in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv) even though distributions from other separate accounts under the plan with different beneficiaries are being made in accordance with the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii).

(3) A portion of an employee's account balance under a defined contribution plan is permitted to be used to purchase an annuity contract while another portion stays in the account. In that case, the remaining account under the plan must be distributed in accordance with Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9) and the annuity payments under the annuity contract must satisfy Section 1.401(a)(9)-6 in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9).

(b) Defined benefit plan.

The rules of paragraph (a)(2) and (3) of this A-2 also apply to benefits under a defined benefit plan where the benefits under the plan are separated into separate identifiable components which are separately distributed.

Q-3. What are separate accounts for purposes of section 401(a)(9)?

A-3.

For purposes of section 401(a)(9), separate accounts in an employee's account are separate portions of an employee's benefit reflecting the separate interests of the employee's beneficiaries under the plan as of the date of the employee's death for which separate accounting is maintained. The separate accounting must allocate all post-death investment gains and losses, contributions, and forfeitures, for the period prior to the establishment of the separate accounts on a pro rata basis in a reasonable and consistent manner among the separate accounts. However, once the separate accounts are actually established, the separate accounting can provide for separate investments for each separate account under which gains and losses from the investment of the account are only allocated to that account, or investment gain or losses can continue to be allocated among the separate accounts on a pro rata basis. A separate accounting must allocate any post-death distribution to the separate account of the beneficiary receiving that distribution.

Q-4. If a distribution is required to be made to an employee by section 401(a)(9)(A) or is required to be made to a surviving spouse under section 401(a)(9)(B), must the distribution be made even if the employee, or spouse where applicable, fails to consent to a distribution while a benefit is immediately distributable?

A-4.

Yes, section 411(a)(11) and section 417(e) (see Sections 1.411(a)(11)-1(c)(2) and 1.417(e)-1(c)) require employee and spousal consent to certain distributions of plan benefits while such benefits are immediately distributable. If an employee's normal retirement age is later than the employee's required beginning date and, therefore, benefits are still immediately distributable, the plan must, nevertheless, distribute plan benefits to the employee (or where applicable, to the spouse) in a manner that satisfies the requirements of section 401(a)(9). Section 401(a)(9) must be satisfied even though the employee (or spouse, where applicable) fails to consent to the distribution. In such a case, the plan may distribute in the form of a qualified joint and survivor annuity (QJSA) or in the form of a qualified preretirement survivor annuity (QPSA), as applicable, and the consent requirements of sections 411(a)(11) and 417(e) are deemed to be satisfied if the plan has made reasonable efforts to obtain consent from the employee (or spouse if applicable) and if the distribution otherwise meets the requirements of section 417. If, because of section 401(a)(11)(B), the plan is not required to distribute in the form of a QJSA to a employee or a QPSA to a surviving spouse, the plan may distribute the required minimum distribution amount to satisfy section 401(a)(9) and the consent requirements of sections 411(a)(11) and 417(e) are deemed to be satisfied if the plan has made reasonable efforts to obtain consent from the employee (or spouse if applicable) and if the distribution otherwise meets the requirements of section 417.

Q-5. Who is an employee's spouse or surviving spouse for purposes of section 401(a)(9)?

A-5.

Except as otherwise provided in A-6(a) of this section (in the case of distributions of a portion of an employee's benefit payable to a former spouse of an employee pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order), for purposes of section 401(a)(9), an individual is a spouse or surviving spouse of an employee if such individual is treated as the employee's spouse under applicable state law. In the case of distributions after the death of an employee, for purposes of determining whether, under the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv), the provisions of section 401(a)(9)(B)(iv) apply, the spouse of the employee is determined as of the date of death of the employee.

Q-6. In order to satisfy section 401(a)(9), are there any special rules which apply to the distribution of all or a portion of an employee's benefit payable to an alternate payee pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order as defined in section 414(p) (QDRO)?

A-6.

(a) A former spouse to whom all or a portion of the employee's benefit is payable pursuant to a QDRO will be treated as a spouse (including a surviving spouse) of the employee for purposes of section 401(a)(9), including the minimum distribution incidental benefit requirement, regardless of whether the QDRO specifically provides that the former spouse is treated as the spouse for purposes of sections 401(a)(11) and 417.

(b)(1) If a QDRO provides that an employee's benefit is to be divided and a portion is to be allocated to an alternate payee, such portion will be treated as a separate account (or segregated share) which separately must satisfy the requirements of section 401(a)(9) and may not be aggregated with other separate accounts (or segregated shares) of the employee for purposes of satisfying section 401(a)(9). Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this A-6, distribution of such separate account allocated to an alternate payee pursuant to a QDRO must be made in accordance with section 401(a)(9). For example, in general, distribution of such account will satisfy section 401(a)(9)(A) if required minimum distributions from such account during the employee's lifetime begin not later than the employee's required beginning date and the required minimum distribution is determined in accordance with Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 for each distribution calendar year (using an applicable distribution period determined under A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 for the employee in the distribution calendar year either using the Uniform Lifetime Table in A-2 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 or using the joint life expectancy of the employee and a spousal alternate payee in the distribution calendar year if the spousal alternate payee is more than 10 years younger than the employee). The determination of whether distribution from such account after the death of the employee to the alternate payee will be made in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(B)(i) or section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) or (iii) and (iv) will depend on whether distributions have begun as determined under A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2 (which provides, in general, that distributions are not treated as having begun until the employee's required beginning date even though payments may actually have begun before that date). For example, if the alternate payee dies before the employee and distribution of the separate account allocated to the alternate payee pursuant to the QDRO is to be made to the alternate payee's beneficiary, such beneficiary may be treated as a designated beneficiary for purposes of determining the minimum distribution required from such account after the death of the employee if the beneficiary of the alternate payee is an individual and if such beneficiary is a beneficiary under the plan or specified to or in the plan. Specification in or pursuant to the QDRO is treated as specification to the plan.

(2) Distribution of the separate account allocated to an alternate payee pursuant to a QDRO will satisfy the requirements of section 401(a)(9)(A)(ii) if such account is to be distributed, beginning not later than the employee's required beginning date, over the life of the alternate payee (or over a period not extending beyond the life expectancy of the alternate payee). Also, if the plan permits the employee to elect whether distribution upon the death of the employee will be made in accordance with the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(ii) or the life expectancy rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) and (iv) pursuant to A-4(c) of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, such election is to be made only by the alternate payee for purposes of distributing the separate account allocated to the alternate payee pursuant to the QDRO. If the alternate payee dies after distribution of the separate account allocated to the alternate payee pursuant to a QDRO has begun (determined under A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2) but before the employee dies, distribution of the remaining portion of that portion of the benefit allocated to the alternate payee must be made in accordance with the rules in Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 or 1.401(a)(9)-6 for distributions during the life of the employee. Only after the death of the employee is the amount of the required minimum distribution determined in accordance with the rules of section 401(a)(9)(B).

(c) If a QDRO does not provide that an employee's benefit is to be divided but provides that a portion of an employee's benefit (otherwise payable to the employee) is to be paid to an alternate payee, such portion will not be treated as a separate account (or segregated share) of the employee. Instead, such portion will be aggregated with any amount distributed to the employee and will be treated as having been distributed to the employee for purposes of determining whether section 401(a)(9) has been satisfied with respect to that employee.

Q-7. Will a plan fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because it fails to distribute an amount otherwise required to be distributed by section 401(a)(9) during the period in which the issue of whether a domestic relations order is a QDRO is being determined?

A-7.

A plan will not fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because it fails to distribute an amount otherwise required to be distributed by section 401(a)(9) during the period in which the issue of whether a domestic relations order is a QDRO is being determined pursuant to section 414(p)(7), provided that the period does not extend beyond the 18-month period described in section 414(p)(7)(E). To the extent that a distribution otherwise required under section 401(a)(9) is not made during this period, any segregated amounts, as defined in section 414(p)(7)(A), will be treated as though the amounts are not vested during the period and any distributions with respect to such amounts must be made under the relevant rules for nonvested benefits described in either A-8 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 or A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-6, as applicable.

Q-8. Will a plan fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) where an individual's distribution from the plan is less than the amount otherwise required to satisfy section 401(a)(9) because distributions were being paid under an annuity contract issued by a life insurance company in state insurer delinquency proceedings and have been reduced or suspended by reasons of such state proceedings?

A-8.

A plan will not fail to satisfy section 401(a)(9) merely because an individual's distribution from the plan is less than the amount otherwise required to satisfy section 401(a)(9) because distributions were being paid under an annuity contract issued by a life insurance company in state insurer delinquency proceedings and have been reduced or suspended by reasons of such state proceedings. To the extent that a distribution otherwise required under section 401(a)(9) is not made during the state insurer delinquency proceedings, this amount and any additional amount accrued during this period will be treated as though such amounts are not vested during the period and any distributions with respect to such amounts must be made under the relevant rules for nonvested benefits described in either A-8 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-5 or A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-6, as applicable.

Q-9. Will a plan fail to qualify as a pension plan within the meaning of section 401(a) solely because the plan permits distributions to commence to an employee on or after April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2 even though the employee has not retired or attained the normal retirement age under the plan as of the date on which such distributions commence?

A-9.

No, a plan will not fail to qualify as a pension plan within the meaning of section 401(a) solely because the plan permits distributions to commence to an employee on or after April 1 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the employee attains age 70 1/2 even though the employee has not retired or attained the normal retirement age under the plan as of the date on which such distributions commence. This rule applies without regard to whether the employee is a 5-percent owner with respect to the plan year ending in the calendar year in which distributions commence.

Q-10. Is the distribution of an annuity contract a distribution for purposes of section 401(a)(9)?

A-10.

No, the distribution of an annuity contract is not a distribution for purposes of section 401(a)(9).

Q-11. Will a payment by a plan after the death of an employee fail to be treated as a distribution for purposes of section 401(a)(9) solely because it is made to an estate or a trust?

A-11.

A payment by a plan after the death of an employee will not fail to be treated as a distribution for purposes of section 401(a)(9) solely because it is made to an estate or a trust. As a result, the estate or trust which receives a payment from a plan after the death of an employee need not distribute the amount of such payment to the beneficiaries of the estate or trust in accordance with section 401(a)(9)(B). Pursuant to A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4, an estate may not be a designated beneficiary. Thus, pursuant to A-4 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, distribution to the estate must satisfy the 5-year rule in section 401(a)(9)(B)(iii) if the distribution to the employee had not begun (as defined in A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-2) as of the employee's date of death. However, see A-5 and A-6 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-4 for provisions under which beneficiaries of a trust with respect to the trust's interest in an employee's benefit are treated as having been designated as beneficiaries of the employee under the plan.

Q-12. Will a plan fail to satisfy section 411(d)(6) if the plan is amended to eliminate the availability of an optional form of benefit to the extent that the optional form does not satisfy section 401(a)(9)?

A-12.

No, pursuant to section 411(d)(6)(B), a plan will not fail to satisfy section 411(d)(6) merely because the plan is amended to eliminate the availability of an optional form of benefit to the extent that the optional form does not satisfy section 401(a)(9). (See also A-3 of Section 1.401(a)(9)-1, which requires a plan to provide that, notwithstanding any other plan provision, it will not distribute benefits under any option that does not satisfy section 401(a)(9).)

Q-13. Is a plan disqualified merely because it pays benefits under a designation made before January 1, 1984, in accordance with section 242(b)(2) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA)?

A-13.

No, even though the distribution requirements added by TEFRA were retroactively repealed by the Tax Reform Act of 1984 (TRA of 1984), the transitional election rule in section 242(b) of TEFRA was preserved. Satisfaction of the spousal consent requirements of section 4l7(a) and (e) (added by the Retirement Equity Act of 1984) will not be considered a revocation of the pre-1984 designation. However, sections 401(a)(11) and 417 must be satisfied with respect to any distribution subject to those sections. The election provided in section 242(b) of TEFRA is hereafter referred to as a section 242(b)(2) election.

Q-14. If an amount is transferred from one plan (transferor plan) to another plan (transferee plan), may the transferee plan distribute the amount transferred in accordance with a section 242(b)(2) election made under either the transferor plan or under the transferee plan?

A-14.

(a) If an amount is transferred from one plan (transferor plan) to another plan (transferee plan), the amount transferred may be distributed in accordance with a section 242(b)(2) election made under the transferor plan if the employee did not elect to have the amount transferred and if the amount transferred is separately accounted for by the transferee plan. However, only the benefit attributable to the amount transferred, plus earnings thereon, may be distributed in accordance with the section 242(b)(2) election made under the transferor plan. If the employee elected to have the amount transferred, the transfer will be treated as a distribution and rollover of the amount transferred for purposes of this section.

(b) In the case in which an amount is transferred from one plan to another plan, the amount transferred may not be distributed in accordance with a section 242(b)(2) election made under the transferee plan. If a section 242(b)(2) election was made under the transferee plan, the amount transferred must be separately accounted for. If the amount transferred is not separately accounted for under the transferee plan, the section 242(b)(2) election under the transferee plan is revoked and section 401(a)(9) will apply to subsequent distributions by the transferee plan.

(c) A merger, spinoff, or consolidation, as defined in Section 1.414(l)-1(b), will be treated as a transfer for purposes of the section 242(b)(2) election.

Q-15. If an amount is distributed by one plan (distributing plan) and rolled over into another plan (receiving plan), may the receiving plan distribute the amount rolled over in accordance with a section 242(b)(2) election made under either the distributing plan or the receiving plan?

A-15.

No, if an amount is distributed by one plan (distributing plan) and rolled over into another plan (receiving plan), the receiving plan must distribute the amount rolled over in accordance with section 401(a)(9) whether or not the employee made a section 242(b)(2) election under the distributing plan. Further, if the amount rolled over was not distributed in accordance with the election, the election under the distributing plan is revoked and section 401(a)(9) will apply to all subsequent distributions by the distributing plan. Finally, if the employee made a section 242(b)(2) election under the receiving plan and such election is still in effect, the amount rolled over must be separately accounted for under the receiving plan and distributed in accordance with section 401(a)(9). If amounts rolled over are not separately accounted for, any section 242(b)(2) election under the receiving plan is revoked and section 401(a)(9) will apply to subsequent distributions by the receiving plan.

Q-16. May a section 242(b)(2) election be revoked after the date by which distributions are required to commence in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9) and this section of the regulations?

A-16.

Yes, a section 242(b)(2) election may be revoked after the date by which distributions are required to commence in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9) and this section of the regulations. However, if the section 242(b)(2) election is revoked after the date by which distributions are required to commence in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9) and this section of the regulations and the total amount of the distributions which would have been required to be made prior to the date of the revocation in order to satisfy section 401(a)(9), but for the section 242(b)(2) election, have not been made, the plan must distribute by the end of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the revocation occurs the total amount not yet distributed which was required to have been distributed to satisfy the requirements of section 401(a)(9) and continue distributions in accordance with such requirements.

[T.D. 8987, 67 FR 18987-19028, Apr. 17, 2002; as amended by T.D. 9130, 69 FR 33288-33302, Jun. 15, 2004.]

§ 1.401(a)(9)-9 Life expectancy and distribution period tables.

Q-1. What is the life expectancy for an individual for purposes of determining required minimum distributions under section 401(a)(9)?

A-1.

The following table, referred to as the Single Life Table, is used for determining the life expectancy of an individual:

Single Life Table

Age Life Age Life Age Life Age Life

Expectancy Expectancy Expectancy Expectancy

0 82.4 29 54.3 58 27.0 87 6.7

1 81.6 30 53.3 59 26.1 88 6.3

2 80.6 31 52.4 60 25.2 89 5.9

3 79.7 32 51.4 61 24.4 90 5.5

4 78.7 33 50.4 62 23.5 91 5.2

5 77.7 34 49.4 63 22.7 92 4.9

6 76.7 35 48.5 64 21.8 93 4.6

7 75.8 36 47.5 65 21.0 94 4.3

8 74.8 37 46.5 66 20.2 95 4.1

9 73.8 38 45.6 67 19.4 96 3.8

10 72.8 39 44.6 68 18.6 97 3.6

11 71.8 40 43.6 69 17.8 98 3.4

12 70.8 41 42.7 70 17.0 99 3.1

13 69.9 42 41.7 71 16.3 100 2.9

14 68.9 43 40.7 72 15.5 101 2.7

15 67.9 44 39.8 73 14.8 102 2.5

16 66.9 45 38.8 74 14.1 103 2.3

17 66.0 46 37.9 75 13.4 104 2.1

18 65.0 47 37.0 76 12.7 105 1.9

19 64.0 48 36.0 77 12.1 106 1.7

20 63.0 49 35.1 78 11.4 107 1.5

21 62.1 50 34.2 79 10.8 108 1.4

22 61.1 51 33.3 80 10.2 109 1.2

23 60.1 52 32.3 81 9.7 110 1.1

24 59.1 53 31.4 82 9.1 111+ 1.0

25 58.2 54 30.5 83 8.6

26 57.2 55 29.6 84 8.1

27 56.2 56 28.7 85 7.6

28 55.3 57 27.9 86 7.1

Q-2. What is the applicable distribution period for an individual account for purposes of determining required minimum distributions during an employee's lifetime under section 401(a)(9)?

A-2.

Table for determining distribution period. The following table, referred to as the Uniform Lifetime Table, is used for determining the distribution period for lifetime distributions to an employee in situations in which the employee's spouse is either not the sole designated beneficiary or is the sole designated beneficiary but is not more than 10 years younger than the employee.

Uniform Lifetime Table

Age of employee Distribution period Age of employee Distribution period

70 27.4 92 10.2

71 26.5 93 9.6

72 25.6 94 9.1

73 24.7 95 8.6

74 23.8 96 8.1

75 22.9 97 7.6

76 22.0 98 7.1

77 21.2 99 6.7

78 20.3 100 6.3

79 19.5 101 5.9

80 18.7 102 5.5

81 17.9 103 5.2

82 17.1 104 4.9

83 16.3 105 4.5

84 15.5 106 4.2

85 14.8 107 3.9

86 14.1 108 3.7

87 13.4 109 3.4

88 12.7 110 3.1

89 12.0 111 2.9

90 11.4 112 2.6

91 10.8 113 2.4

92 10.2 114 2.1

93 9.6 115+ 1.9

Q-3. What is the joint life and last survivor expectancy of an individual and beneficiary for purposes of determining required minimum distributions under section 401(a)(9)?

A-3.

The following table, referred to as the Joint and Last Survivor Table, is used for determining the joint and last survivor life expectancy of two individuals:

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 90.0 89.5 89.0 88.6 88.2 87.8 87.4 87.1 86.8 86.5

1 89.5 89.0 88.5 88.1 87.6 87.2 86.8 86.5 86.1 85.8

2 89.0 88.5 88.0 87.5 87.1 86.6 86.2 85.8 85.5 85.1

3 88.6 88.1 87.5 87.0 86.5 86.1 85.6 85.2 84.8 84.5

4 88.2 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.0 85.5 85.1 84.6 84.2 83.8

5 87.8 87.2 86.6 86.1 85.5 85.0 84.5 84.1 83.6 83.2

6 87.4 86.8 86.2 85.6 85.1 84.5 84.0 83.5 83.1 82.6

7 87.1 86.5 85.8 85.2 84.6 84.1 83.5 83.0 82.5 82.1

8 86.8 86.1 85.5 84.8 84.2 83.6 83.1 82.5 82.0 81.6

9 86.5 85.8 85.1 84.5 83.8 83.2 82.6 82.1 81.6 81.0

10 86.2 85.5 84.8 84.1 83.5 82.8 82.2 81.6 81.1 80.6

11 85.9 85.2 84.5 83.8 83.1 82.5 81.8 81.2 80.7 80.1

12 85.7 84.9 84.2 83.5 82.8 82.1 81.5 80.8 80.2 79.7

13 85.4 84.7 84.0 83.2 82.5 81.8 81.1 80.5 79.9 79.2

14 85.2 84.5 83.7 83.0 82.2 81.5 80.8 80.1 79.5 78.9

15 85.0 84.3 83.5 82.7 82.0 81.2 80.5 79.8 79.1 78.5

16 84.9 84.1 83.3 82.5 81.7 81.0 80.2 79.5 78.8 78.1

17 84.7 83.9 83.1 82.3 81.5 80.7 80.0 79.2 78.5 77.8

18 84.5 83.7 82.9 82.1 81.3 80.5 79.7 79.0 78.2 77.5

19 84.4 83.6 82.7 81.9 81.1 80.3 79.5 78.7 78.0 77.3

20 84.3 83.4 82.6 81.8 80.9 80.1 79.3 78.5 77.7 77.0

21 84.1 83.3 82.4 81.6 80.8 79.9 79.1 78.3 77.5 76.8

22 84.0 83.2 82.3 81.5 80.6 79.8 78.9 78.1 77.3 76.5

23 83.9 83.1 82.2 81.3 80.5 79.6 78.8 77.9 77.1 76.3

24 83.8 83.0 82.1 81.2 80.3 79.5 78.6 77.8 76.9 76.1

25 83.7 82.9 82.0 81.1 80.2 79.3 78.5 77.6 76.8 75.9

26 83.6 82.8 81.9 81.0 80.1 79.2 78.3 77.5 76.6 75.8

27 83.6 82.7 81.8 80.9 80.0 79.1 78.2 77.4 76.5 75.6

28 83.5 82.6 81.7 80.8 79.9 79.0 78.1 77.2 76.4 75.5

29 83.4 82.6 81.6 80.7 79.8 78.9 78.0 77.1 76.2 75.4

30 83.4 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.8 77.9 77.0 76.1 75.2

31 83.3 82.4 81.5 80.6 79.7 78.8 77.8 76.9 76.0 75.1

32 83.3 82.4 81.5 80.5 79.6 78.7 77.8 76.8 75.9 75.0

33 83.2 82.3 81.4 80.5 79.5 78.6 77.7 76.8 75.9 74.9

34 83.2 82.3 81.3 80.4 79.5 78.5 77.6 76.7 75.8 74.9

35 83.1 82.2 81.3 80.4 79.4 78.5 77.6 76.6 75.7 74.8

36 83.1 82.2 81.3 80.3 79.4 78.4 77.5 76.6 75.6 74.7

37 83.0 82.2 81.2 80.3 79.3 78.4 77.4 76.5 75.6 74.6

38 83.0 82.1 81.2 80.2 79.3 78.3 77.4 76.4 75.5 74.6

39 83.0 82.1 81.1 80.2 79.2 78.3 77.3 76.4 75.5 74.5

40 82.9 82.1 81.1 80.2 79.2 78.3 77.3 76.4 75.4 74.5

41 82.9 82.0 81.1 80.1 79.2 78.2 77.3 76.3 75.4 74.4

42 82.9 82.0 81.1 80.1 79.1 78.2 77.2 76.3 75.3 74.4

43 82.9 82.0 81.0 80.1 79.1 78.2 77.2 76.2 75.3 74.3

44 82.8 81.9 81.0 80.0 79.1 78.1 77.2 76.2 75.2 74.3

45 82.8 81.9 81.0 80.0 79.1 78.1 77.1 76.2 75.2 74.3

46 82.8 81.9 81.0 80.0 79.0 78.1 77.1 76.1 75.2 74.2

47 82.8 81.9 80.9 80.0 79.0 78.0 77.1 76.1 75.2 74.2

48 82.8 81.9 80.9 80.0 79.0 78.0 77.1 76.1 75.1 74.2

49 82.7 81.8 80.9 79.9 79.0 78.0 77.0 76.1 75.1 74.1

50 82.7 81.8 80.9 79.9 79.0 78.0 77.0 76.0 75.1 74.1

51 82.7 81.8 80.9 79.9 78.9 78.0 77.0 76.0 75.1 74.1

52 82.7 81.8 80.9 79.9 78.9 78.0 77.0 76.0 75.0 74.1

53 82.7 81.8 80.8 79.9 78.9 77.9 77.0 76.0 75.0 74.0

54 82.7 81.8 80.8 79.9 78.9 77.9 76.9 76.0 75.0 74.0

55 82.6 81.8 80.8 79.8 78.9 77.9 76.9 76.0 75.0 74.0

56 82.6 81.7 80.8 79.8 78.9 77.9 76.9 75.9 75.0 74.0

57 82.6 81.7 80.8 79.8 78.9 77.9 76.9 75.9 75.0 74.0

58 82.6 81.7 80.8 79.8 78.8 77.9 76.9 75.9 74.9 74.0

59 82.6 81.7 80.8 79.8 78.8 77.9 76.9 75.9 74.9 74.0

60 82.6 81.7 80.8 79.8 78.8 77.8 76.9 75.9 74.9 73.9

61 82.6 81.7 80.8 79.8 78.8 77.8 76.9 75.9 74.9 73.9

62 82.6 81.7 80.7 79.8 78.8 77.8 76.9 75.9 74.9 73.9

63 82.6 81.7 80.7 79.8 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.9 74.9 73.9

64 82.5 81.7 80.7 79.8 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.9 74.9 73.9

65 82.5 81.7 80.7 79.8 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.9 73.9

66 82.5 81.7 80.7 79.7 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.9 73.9

67 82.5 81.7 80.7 79.7 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.9 73.9

68 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.9

69 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.9

70 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.8 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.9

71 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

72 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

73 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

74 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

75 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

76 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.8 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

77 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

78 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

79 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

80 82.5 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

81 82.4 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

82 82.4 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

83 82.4 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

84 82.4 81.6 80.7 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

85 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.8 75.8 74.8 73.8

86 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

87 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

88 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

89 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

90 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

91 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

92 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

93 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

94 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

95 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

96 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

97 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

98 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

99 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

100 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

101 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

102 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

103 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

104 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

105 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

106 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

107 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

108 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

109 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

110 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

111 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

112 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

113 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

114 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

115+ 82.4 81.6 80.6 79.7 78.7 77.7 76.7 75.8 74.8 73.8

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

10 80.0 79.6 79.1 78.7 78.2 77.9 77.5 77.2 76.8 76.5

11 79.6 79.0 78.6 78.1 77.7 77.3 76.9 76.5 76.2 75.8

12 79.1 78.6 78.1 77.6 77.1 76.7 76.3 75.9 75.5 75.2

13 78.7 78.1 77.6 77.1 76.6 76.1 75.7 75.3 74.9 74.5

14 78.2 77.7 77.1 76.6 76.1 75.6 75.1 74.7 74.3 73.9

15 77.9 77.3 76.7 76.1 75.6 75.1 74.6 74.1 73.7 73.3

16 77.5 76.9 76.3 75.7 75.1 74.6 74.1 73.6 73.1 72.7

17 77.2 76.5 75.9 75.3 74.7 74.1 73.6 73.1 72.6 72.1

18 76.8 76.2 75.5 74.9 74.3 73.7 73.1 72.6 72.1 71.6

19 76.5 75.8 75.2 74.5 73.9 73.3 72.7 72.1 71.6 71.1

20 76.3 75.5 74.8 74.2 73.5 72.9 72.3 71.7 71.1 70.6

21 76.0 75.3 74.5 73.8 73.2 72.5 71.9 71.3 70.7 70.1

22 75.8 75.0 74.3 73.5 72.9 72.2 71.5 70.9 70.3 69.7

23 75.5 74.8 74.0 73.3 72.6 71.9 71.2 70.5 69.9 69.3

24 75.3 74.5 73.8 73.0 72.3 71.6 70.9 70.2 69.5 68.9

25 75.1 74.3 73.5 72.8 72.0 71.3 70.6 69.9 69.2 68.5

26 75.0 74.1 73.3 72.5 71.8 71.0 70.3 69.6 68.9 68.2

27 74.8 74.0 73.1 72.3 71.6 70.8 70.0 69.3 68.6 67.9

28 74.6 73.8 73.0 72.2 71.3 70.6 69.8 69.0 68.3 67.6

29 74.5 73.6 72.8 72.0 71.2 70.4 69.6 68.8 68.0 67.3

30 74.4 73.5 72.7 71.8 71.0 70.2 69.4 68.6 67.8 67.1

31 74.3 73.4 72.5 71.7 70.8 70.0 69.2 68.4 67.6 66.8

32 74.1 73.3 72.4 71.5 70.7 69.8 69.0 68.2 67.4 66.6

33 74.0 73.2 72.3 71.4 70.5 69.7 68.8 68.0 67.2 66.4

34 73.9 73.0 72.2 71.3 70.4 69.5 68.7 67.8 67.0 66.2

35 73.9 73.0 72.1 71.2 70.3 69.4 68.5 67.7 66.8 66.0

36 73.8 72.9 72.0 71.1 70.2 69.3 68.4 67.6 66.7 65.9

37 73.7 72.8 71.9 71.0 70.1 69.2 68.3 67.4 66.6 65.7

38 73.6 72.7 71.8 70.9 70.0 69.1 68.2 67.3 66.4 65.6

39 73.6 72.7 71.7 70.8 69.9 69.0 68.1 67.2 66.3 65.4

40 73.5 72.6 71.7 70.7 69.8 68.9 68.0 67.1 66.2 65.3

41 73.5 72.5 71.6 70.7 69.7 68.8 67.9 67.0 66.1 65.2

42 73.4 72.5 71.5 70.6 69.7 68.8 67.8 66.9 66.0 65.1

43 73.4 72.4 71.5 70.6 69.6 68.7 67.8 66.8 65.9 65.0

44 73.3 72.4 71.4 70.5 69.6 68.6 67.7 66.8 65.9 64.9

45 73.3 72.3 71.4 70.5 69.5 68.6 67.6 66.7 65.8 64.9

46 73.3 72.3 71.4 70.4 69.5 68.5 67.6 66.6 65.7 64.8

47 73.2 72.3 71.3 70.4 69.4 68.5 67.5 66.6 65.7 64.7

48 73.2 72.2 71.3 70.3 69.4 68.4 67.5 66.5 65.6 64.7

49 73.2 72.2 71.2 70.3 69.3 68.4 67.4 66.5 65.6 64.6

50 73.1 72.2 71.2 70.3 69.3 68.4 67.4 66.5 65.5 64.6

51 73.1 72.2 71.2 70.2 69.3 68.3 67.4 66.4 65.5 64.5

52 73.1 72.1 71.2 70.2 69.2 68.3 67.3 66.4 65.4 64.5

53 73.1 72.1 71.1 70.2 69.2 68.3 67.3 66.3 65.4 64.4

54 73.1 72.1 71.1 70.2 69.2 68.2 67.3 66.3 65.4 64.4

55 73.0 72.1 71.1 70.1 69.2 68.2 67.2 66.3 65.3 64.4

56 73.0 72.1 71.1 70.1 69.1 68.2 67.2 66.3 65.3 64.3

57 73.0 72.0 71.1 70.1 69.1 68.2 67.2 66.2 65.3 64.3

58 73.0 72.0 71.0 70.1 69.1 68.1 67.2 66.2 65.2 64.3

59 73.0 72.0 71.0 70.1 69.1 68.1 67.2 66.2 65.2 64.3

60 73.0 72.0 71.0 70.0 69.1 68.1 67.1 66.2 65.2 64.2

61 73.0 72.0 71.0 70.0 69.1 68.1 67.1 66.2 65.2 64.2

62 72.9 72.0 71.0 70.0 69.0 68.1 67.1 66.1 65.2 64.2

63 72.9 72.0 71.0 70.0 69.0 68.1 67.1 66.1 65.2 64.2

64 72.9 71.9 71.0 70.0 69.0 68.0 67.1 66.1 65.1 64.2

65 72.9 71.9 71.0 70.0 69.0 68.0 67.1 66.1 65.1 64.2

66 72.9 71.9 70.9 70.0 69.0 68.0 67.1 66.1 65.1 64.1

67 72.9 71.9 70.9 70.0 69.0 68.0 67.0 66.1 65.1 64.1

68 72.9 71.9 70.9 70.0 69.0 68.0 67.0 66.1 65.1 64.1

69 72.9 71.9 70.9 69.9 69.0 68.0 67.0 66.1 65.1 64.1

70 72.9 71.9 70.9 69.9 69.0 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.1 64.1

71 72.9 71.9 70.9 69.9 69.0 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.1 64.1

72 72.9 71.9 70.9 69.9 69.0 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.1 64.1

73 72.9 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.1

74 72.9 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.1

75 72.8 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.1

76 72.8 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.1

77 72.8 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.1

78 72.8 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.0

79 72.8 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.0

80 72.8 71.9 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.0

81 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.0

82 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.0

83 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.0

84 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.0

85 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

86 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

87 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

88 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

89 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

90 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

91 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

92 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

93 72.8 71.8 70.9 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

94 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

95 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

96 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

97 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

98 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

99 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

100 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

101 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

102 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

103 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

104 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

105 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

106 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

107 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

108 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

109 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

110 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

111 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

112 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

113 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

114 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

115+ 72.8 71.8 70.8 69.9 68.9 67.9 66.9 66.0 65.0 64.0

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

20 70.1 69.6 69.1 68.7 68.3 67.9 67.5 67.2 66.9 66.6

21 69.6 69.1 68.6 68.2 67.7 67.3 66.9 66.6 66.2 65.9

22 69.1 68.6 68.1 67.6 67.2 66.7 66.3 65.9 65.6 65.2

23 68.7 68.2 67.6 67.1 66.6 66.2 65.7 65.3 64.9 64.6

24 68.3 67.7 67.2 66.6 66.1 65.6 65.2 64.7 64.3 63.9

25 67.9 67.3 66.7 66.2 65.6 65.1 64.6 64.2 63.7 63.3

26 67.5 66.9 66.3 65.7 65.2 64.6 64.1 63.6 63.2 62.8

27 67.2 66.6 65.9 65.3 64.7 64.2 63.6 63.1 62.7 62.2

28 66.9 66.2 65.6 64.9 64.3 63.7 63.2 62.7 62.1 61.7

29 66.6 65.9 65.2 64.6 63.9 63.3 62.8 62.2 61.7 61.2

30 66.3 65.6 64.9 64.2 63.6 62.9 62.3 61.8 61.2 60.7

31 66.1 65.3 64.6 63.9 63.2 62.6 62.0 61.4 60.8 60.2

32 65.8 65.1 64.3 63.6 62.9 62.2 61.6 61.0 60.4 59.8

33 65.6 64.8 64.1 63.3 62.6 61.9 61.3 60.6 60.0 59.4

34 65.4 64.6 63.8 63.1 62.3 61.6 60.9 60.3 59.6 59.0

35 65.2 64.4 63.6 62.8 62.1 61.4 60.6 59.9 59.3 58.6

36 65.0 64.2 63.4 62.6 61.9 61.1 60.4 59.6 59.0 58.3

37 64.9 64.0 63.2 62.4 61.6 60.9 60.1 59.4 58.7 58.0

38 64.7 63.9 63.0 62.2 61.4 60.6 59.9 59.1 58.4 57.7

39 64.6 63.7 62.9 62.1 61.2 60.4 59.6 58.9 58.1 57.4

40 64.4 63.6 62.7 61.9 61.1 60.2 59.4 58.7 57.9 57.1

41 64.3 63.5 62.6 61.7 60.9 60.1 59.3 58.5 57.7 56.9

42 64.2 63.3 62.5 61.6 60.8 59.9 59.1 58.3 57.5 56.7

43 64.1 63.2 62.4 61.5 60.6 59.8 58.9 58.1 57.3 56.5

44 64.0 63.1 62.2 61.4 60.5 59.6 58.8 57.9 57.1 56.3

45 64.0 63.0 62.2 61.3 60.4 59.5 58.6 57.8 56.9 56.1

46 63.9 63.0 62.1 61.2 60.3 59.4 58.5 57.7 56.8 56.0

47 63.8 62.9 62.0 61.1 60.2 59.3 58.4 57.5 56.7 55.8

48 63.7 62.8 61.9 61.0 60.1 59.2 58.3 57.4 56.5 55.7

49 63.7 62.8 61.8 60.9 60.0 59.1 58.2 57.3 56.4 55.6

50 63.6 62.7 61.8 60.8 59.9 59.0 58.1 57.2 56.3 55.4

51 63.6 62.6 61.7 60.8 59.9 58.9 58.0 57.1 56.2 55.3

52 63.5 62.6 61.7 60.7 59.8 58.9 58.0 57.1 56.1 55.2

53 63.5 62.5 61.6 60.7 59.7 58.8 57.9 57.0 56.1 55.2

54 63.5 62.5 61.6 60.6 59.7 58.8 57.8 56.9 56.0 55.1

55 63.4 62.5 61.5 60.6 59.6 58.7 57.8 56.8 55.9 55.0

56 63.4 62.4 61.5 60.5 59.6 58.7 57.7 56.8 55.9 54.9

57 63.4 62.4 61.5 60.5 59.6 58.6 57.7 56.7 55.8 54.9

58 63.3 62.4 61.4 60.5 59.5 58.6 57.6 56.7 55.8 54.8

59 63.3 62.3 61.4 60.4 59.5 58.5 57.6 56.7 55.7 54.8

60 63.3 62.3 61.4 60.4 59.5 58.5 57.6 56.6 55.7 54.7

61 63.3 62.3 61.3 60.4 59.4 58.5 57.5 56.6 55.6 54.7

62 63.2 62.3 61.3 60.4 59.4 58.4 57.5 56.5 55.6 54.7

63 63.2 62.3 61.3 60.3 59.4 58.4 57.5 56.5 55.6 54.6

64 63.2 62.2 61.3 60.3 59.4 58.4 57.4 56.5 55.5 54.6

65 63.2 62.2 61.3 60.3 59.3 58.4 57.4 56.5 55.5 54.6

66 63.2 62.2 61.2 60.3 59.3 58.4 57.4 56.4 55.5 54.5

67 63.2 62.2 61.2 60.3 59.3 58.3 57.4 56.4 55.5 54.5

68 63.1 62.2 61.2 60.2 59.3 58.3 57.4 56.4 55.4 54.5

69 63.1 62.2 61.2 60.2 59.3 58.3 57.3 56.4 55.4 54.5

70 63.1 62.2 61.2 60.2 59.3 58.3 57.3 56.4 55.4 54.4

71 63.1 62.1 61.2 60.2 59.2 58.3 57.3 56.4 55.4 54.4

72 63.1 62.1 61.2 60.2 59.2 58.3 57.3 56.3 55.4 54.4

73 63.1 62.1 61.2 60.2 59.2 58.3 57.3 56.3 55.4 54.4

74 63.1 62.1 61.2 60.2 59.2 58.2 57.3 56.3 55.4 54.4

75 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.2 59.2 58.2 57.3 56.3 55.3 54.4

76 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.2 59.2 58.2 57.3 56.3 55.3 54.4

77 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.2 59.2 58.2 57.3 56.3 55.3 54.4

78 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.2 59.2 58.2 57.3 56.3 55.3 54.4

79 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.2 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.3 54.3

80 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.3 54.3

81 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.3 54.3

82 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.3 54.3

83 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.3 54.3

84 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.3 54.3

85 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.3 54.3

86 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

87 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

88 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

89 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

90 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

91 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

92 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

93 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

94 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

95 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

96 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

97 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

98 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

99 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

100 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

101 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

102 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

103 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

104 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

105 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

106 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

107 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

108 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

109 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

110 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

111 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

112 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

113 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

114 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

115+ 63.0 62.1 61.1 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.2 56.2 55.3 54.3

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

30 60.2 59.7 59.2 58.8 58.4 58.0 57.6 57.3 57.0 56.7

31 59.7 59.2 58.7 58.2 57.8 57.4 57.0 56.6 56.3 56.0

32 59.2 58.7 58.2 57.7 57.2 56.8 56.4 56.0 55.6 55.3

33 58.8 58.2 57.7 57.2 56.7 56.2 55.8 55.4 55.0 54.7

34 58.4 57.8 57.2 56.7 56.2 55.7 55.3 54.8 54.4 54.0

35 58.0 57.4 56.8 56.2 55.7 55.2 54.7 54.3 53.8 53.4

36 57.6 57.0 56.4 55.8 55.3 54.7 54.2 53.7 53.3 52.8

37 57.3 56.6 56.0 55.4 54.8 54.3 53.7 53.2 52.7 52.3

38 57.0 56.3 55.6 55.0 54.4 53.8 53.3 52.7 52.2 51.7

39 56.7 56.0 55.3 54.7 54.0 53.4 52.8 52.3 51.7 51.2

40 56.4 55.7 55.0 54.3 53.7 53.0 52.4 51.8 51.3 50.8

41 56.1 55.4 54.7 54.0 53.3 52.7 52.0 51.4 50.9 50.3

42 55.9 55.2 54.4 53.7 53.0 52.3 51.7 51.1 50.4 49.9

43 55.7 54.9 54.2 53.4 52.7 52.0 51.3 50.7 50.1 49.5

44 55.5 54.7 53.9 53.2 52.4 51.7 51.0 50.4 49.7 49.1

45 55.3 54.5 53.7 52.9 52.2 51.5 50.7 50.0 49.4 48.7

46 55.1 54.3 53.5 52.7 52.0 51.2 50.5 49.8 49.1 48.4

47 55.0 54.1 53.3 52.5 51.7 51.0 50.2 49.5 48.8 48.1

48 54.8 54.0 53.2 52.3 51.5 50.8 50.0 49.2 48.5 47.8

49 54.7 53.8 53.0 52.2 51.4 50.6 49.8 49.0 48.2 47.5

50 54.6 53.7 52.9 52.0 51.2 50.4 49.6 48.8 48.0 47.3

51 54.5 53.6 52.7 51.9 51.0 50.2 49.4 48.6 47.8 47.0

52 54.4 53.5 52.6 51.7 50.9 50.0 49.2 48.4 47.6 46.8

53 54.3 53.4 52.5 51.6 50.8 49.9 49.1 48.2 47.4 46.6

54 54.2 53.3 52.4 51.5 50.6 49.8 48.9 48.1 47.2 46.4

55 54.1 53.2 52.3 51.4 50.5 49.7 48.8 47.9 47.1 46.3

56 54.0 53.1 52.2 51.3 50.4 49.5 48.7 47.8 47.0 46.1

57 54.0 53.0 52.1 51.2 50.3 49.4 48.6 47.7 46.8 46.0

58 53.9 53.0 52.1 51.2 50.3 49.4 48.5 47.6 46.7 45.8

59 53.8 52.9 52.0 51.1 50.2 49.3 48.4 47.5 46.6 45.7

60 53.8 52.9 51.9 51.0 50.1 49.2 48.3 47.4 46.5 45.6

61 53.8 52.8 51.9 51.0 50.0 49.1 48.2 47.3 46.4 45.5

62 53.7 52.8 51.8 50.9 50.0 49.1 48.1 47.2 46.3 45.4

63 53.7 52.7 51.8 50.9 49.9 49.0 48.1 47.2 46.3 45.3

64 53.6 52.7 51.8 50.8 49.9 48.9 48.0 47.1 46.2 45.3

65 53.6 52.7 51.7 50.8 49.8 48.9 48.0 47.0 46.1 45.2

66 53.6 52.6 51.7 50.7 49.8 48.9 47.9 47.0 46.1 45.1

67 53.6 52.6 51.7 50.7 49.8 48.8 47.9 46.9 46.0 45.1

68 53.5 52.6 51.6 50.7 49.7 48.8 47.8 46.9 46.0 45.0

69 53.5 52.6 51.6 50.6 49.7 48.7 47.8 46.9 45.9 45.0

70 53.5 52.5 51.6 50.6 49.7 48.7 47.8 46.8 45.9 44.9

71 53.5 52.5 51.6 50.6 49.6 48.7 47.7 46.8 45.9 44.9

72 53.5 52.5 51.5 50.6 49.6 48.7 47.7 46.8 45.8 44.9

73 53.4 52.5 51.5 50.6 49.6 48.6 47.7 46.7 45.8 44.8

74 53.4 52.5 51.5 50.5 49.6 48.6 47.7 46.7 45.8 44.8

75 53.4 52.5 51.5 50.5 49.6 48.6 47.7 46.7 45.7 44.8

76 53.4 52.4 51.5 50.5 49.6 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.7 44.8

77 53.4 52.4 51.5 50.5 49.5 48.6 47.6 46.7 45.7 44.8

78 53.4 52.4 51.5 50.5 49.5 48.6 47.6 46.6 45.7 44.7

79 53.4 52.4 51.5 50.5 49.5 48.6 47.6 46.6 45.7 44.7

80 53.4 52.4 51.4 50.5 49.5 48.5 47.6 46.6 45.7 44.7

81 53.4 52.4 51.4 50.5 49.5 48.5 47.6 46.6 45.7 44.7

82 53.4 52.4 51.4 50.5 49.5 48.5 47.6 46.6 45.6 44.7

83 53.4 52.4 51.4 50.5 49.5 48.5 47.6 46.6 45.6 44.7

84 53.4 52.4 51.4 50.5 49.5 48.5 47.6 46.6 45.6 44.7

85 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.7

86 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

87 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

88 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

89 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

90 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

91 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

92 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

93 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

94 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.6 45.6 44.6

95 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

96 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

97 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

98 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

99 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

100 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

101 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

102 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

103 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

104 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.5 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

105 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

106 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

107 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

108 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

109 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

110 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

111 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

112 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

113 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

114 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

115+ 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.4 49.4 48.5 47.5 46.5 45.6 44.6

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

40 50.2 49.8 49.3 48.9 48.5 48.1 47.7 47.4 47.1 46.8

41 49.8 49.3 48.8 48.3 47.9 47.5 47.1 46.7 46.4 46.1

42 49.3 48.8 48.3 47.8 47.3 46.9 46.5 46.1 45.8 45.4

43 48.9 48.3 47.8 47.3 46.8 46.3 45.9 45.5 45.1 44.8

44 48.5 47.9 47.3 46.8 46.3 45.8 45.4 44.9 44.5 44.2

45 48.1 47.5 46.9 46.3 45.8 45.3 44.8 44.4 44.0 43.6

46 47.7 47.1 46.5 45.9 45.4 44.8 44.3 43.9 43.4 43.0

47 47.4 46.7 46.1 45.5 44.9 44.4 43.9 43.4 42.9 42.4

48 47.1 46.4 45.8 45.1 44.5 44.0 43.4 42.9 42.4 41.9

49 46.8 46.1 45.4 44.8 44.2 43.6 43.0 42.4 41.9 41.4

50 46.5 45.8 45.1 44.4 43.8 43.2 42.6 42.0 41.5 40.9

51 46.3 45.5 44.8 44.1 43.5 42.8 42.2 41.6 41.0 40.5

52 46.0 45.3 44.6 43.8 43.2 42.5 41.8 41.2 40.6 40.1

53 45.8 45.1 44.3 43.6 42.9 42.2 41.5 40.9 40.3 39.7

54 45.6 44.8 44.1 43.3 42.6 41.9 41.2 40.5 39.9 39.3

55 45.5 44.7 43.9 43.1 42.4 41.6 40.9 40.2 39.6 38.9

56 45.3 44.5 43.7 42.9 42.1 41.4 40.7 40.0 39.3 38.6

57 45.1 44.3 43.5 42.7 41.9 41.2 40.4 39.7 39.0 38.3

58 45.0 44.2 43.3 42.5 41.7 40.9 40.2 39.4 38.7 38.0

59 44.9 44.0 43.2 42.4 41.5 40.7 40.0 39.2 38.5 37.8

60 44.7 43.9 43.0 42.2 41.4 40.6 39.8 39.0 38.2 37.5

61 44.6 43.8 42.9 42.1 41.2 40.4 39.6 38.8 38.0 37.3

62 44.5 43.7 42.8 41.9 41.1 40.3 39.4 38.6 37.8 37.1

63 44.5 43.6 42.7 41.8 41.0 40.1 39.3 38.5 37.7 36.9

64 44.4 43.5 42.6 41.7 40.8 40.0 39.2 38.3 37.5 36.7

65 44.3 43.4 42.5 41.6 40.7 39.9 39.0 38.2 37.4 36.6

66 44.2 43.3 42.4 41.5 40.6 39.8 38.9 38.1 37.2 36.4

67 44.2 43.3 42.3 41.4 40.6 39.7 38.8 38.0 37.1 36.3

68 44.1 43.2 42.3 41.4 40.5 39.6 38.7 37.9 37.0 36.2

69 44.1 43.1 42.2 41.3 40.4 39.5 38.6 37.8 36.9 36.0

70 44.0 43.1 42.2 41.3 40.3 39.4 38.6 37.7 36.8 35.9

71 44.0 43.0 42.1 41.2 40.3 39.4 38.5 37.6 36.7 35.9

72 43.9 43.0 42.1 41.1 40.2 39.3 38.4 37.5 36.6 35.8

73 43.9 43.0 42.0 41.1 40.2 39.3 38.4 37.5 36.6 35.7

74 43.9 42.9 42.0 41.1 40.1 39.2 38.3 37.4 36.5 35.6

75 43.8 42.9 42.0 41.0 40.1 39.2 38.3 37.4 36.5 35.6

76 43.8 42.9 41.9 41.0 40.1 39.1 38.2 37.3 36.4 35.5

77 43.8 42.9 41.9 41.0 40.0 39.1 38.2 37.3 36.4 35.5

78 43.8 42.8 41.9 40.9 40.0 39.1 38.2 37.2 36.3 35.4

79 43.8 42.8 41.9 40.9 40.0 39.1 38.1 37.2 36.3 35.4

80 43.7 42.8 41.8 40.9 40.0 39.0 38.1 37.2 36.3 35.4

81 43.7 42.8 41.8 40.9 39.9 39.0 38.1 37.2 36.2 35.3

82 43.7 42.8 41.8 40.9 39.9 39.0 38.1 37.1 36.2 35.3

83 43.7 42.8 41.8 40.9 39.9 39.0 38.0 37.1 36.2 35.3

84 43.7 42.7 41.8 40.8 39.9 39.0 38.0 37.1 36.2 35.3

85 43.7 42.7 41.8 40.8 39.9 38.9 38.0 37.1 36.2 35.2

86 43.7 42.7 41.8 40.8 39.9 38.9 38.0 37.1 36.1 35.2

87 43.7 42.7 41.8 40.8 39.9 38.9 38.0 37.0 36.1 35.2

88 43.7 42.7 41.8 40.8 39.9 38.9 38.0 37.0 36.1 35.2

89 43.7 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 38.0 37.0 36.1 35.2

90 43.7 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 38.0 37.0 36.1 35.2

91 43.7 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.1 35.2

92 43.7 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.1 35.1

93 43.7 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.1 35.1

94 43.7 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.1 35.1

95 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.1 35.1

96 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.1 35.1

97 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.1 35.1

98 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

99 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

100 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

101 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

102 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

103 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

104 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

105 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

106 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

107 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

108 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

109 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.7 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

110 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.7 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

111 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.7 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

112 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.7 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

113 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.7 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

114 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.7 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

115+ 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.7 39.8 38.8 37.9 37.0 36.0 35.1

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

50 40.4 40.0 39.5 39.1 38.7 38.3 38.0 37.6 37.3 37.1

51 40.0 39.5 39.0 38.5 38.1 37.7 37.4 37.0 36.7 36.4

52 39.5 39.0 38.5 38.0 37.6 37.2 36.8 36.4 36.0 35.7

53 39.1 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.1 36.6 36.2 35.8 35.4 35.1

54 38.7 38.1 37.6 37.1 36.6 36.1 35.7 35.2 34.8 34.5

55 38.3 37.7 37.2 36.6 36.1 35.6 35.1 34.7 34.3 33.9

56 38.0 37.4 36.8 36.2 35.7 35.1 34.7 34.2 33.7 33.3

57 37.6 37.0 36.4 35.8 35.2 34.7 34.2 33.7 33.2 32.8

58 37.3 36.7 36.0 35.4 34.8 34.3 33.7 33.2 32.8 32.3

59 37.1 36.4 35.7 35.1 34.5 33.9 33.3 32.8 32.3 31.8

60 36.8 36.1 35.4 34.8 34.1 33.5 32.9 32.4 31.9 31.3

61 36.6 35.8 35.1 34.5 33.8 33.2 32.6 32.0 31.4 30.9

62 36.3 35.6 34.9 34.2 33.5 32.9 32.2 31.6 31.1 30.5

63 36.1 35.4 34.6 33.9 33.2 32.6 31.9 31.3 30.7 30.1

64 35.9 35.2 34.4 33.7 33.0 32.3 31.6 31.0 30.4 29.8

65 35.8 35.0 34.2 33.5 32.7 32.0 31.4 30.7 30.0 29.4

66 35.6 34.8 34.0 33.3 32.5 31.8 31.1 30.4 29.8 29.1

67 35.5 34.7 33.9 33.1 32.3 31.6 30.9 30.2 29.5 28.8

68 35.3 34.5 33.7 32.9 32.1 31.4 30.7 29.9 29.2 28.6

69 35.2 34.4 33.6 32.8 32.0 31.2 30.5 29.7 29.0 28.3

70 35.1 34.3 33.4 32.6 31.8 31.1 30.3 29.5 28.8 28.1

71 35.0 34.2 33.3 32.5 31.7 30.9 30.1 29.4 28.6 27.9

72 34.9 34.1 33.2 32.4 31.6 30.8 30.0 29.2 28.4 27.7

73 34.8 34.0 33.1 32.3 31.5 30.6 29.8 29.1 28.3 27.5

74 34.8 33.9 33.0 32.2 31.4 30.5 29.7 28.9 28.1 27.4

75 34.7 33.8 33.0 32.1 31.3 30.4 29.6 28.8 28.0 27.2

76 34.6 33.8 32.9 32.0 31.2 30.3 29.5 28.7 27.9 27.1

77 34.6 33.7 32.8 32.0 31.1 30.3 29.4 28.6 27.8 27.0

78 34.5 33.6 32.8 31.9 31.0 30.2 29.3 28.5 27.7 26.9

79 34.5 33.6 32.7 31.8 31.0 30.1 29.3 28.4 27.6 26.8

80 34.5 33.6 32.7 31.8 30.9 30.1 29.2 28.4 27.5 26.7

81 34.4 33.5 32.6 31.8 30.9 30.0 29.2 28.3 27.5 26.6

82 34.4 33.5 32.6 31.7 30.8 30.0 29.1 28.3 27.4 26.6

83 34.4 33.5 32.6 31.7 30.8 29.9 29.1 28.2 27.4 26.5

84 34.3 33.4 32.5 31.7 30.8 29.9 29.0 28.2 27.3 26.5

85 34.3 33.4 32.5 31.6 30.7 29.9 29.0 28.1 27.3 26.4

86 34.3 33.4 32.5 31.6 30.7 29.8 29.0 28.1 27.2 26.4

87 34.3 33.4 32.5 31.6 30.7 29.8 28.9 28.1 27.2 26.4

88 34.3 33.4 32.5 31.6 30.7 29.8 28.9 28.0 27.2 26.3

89 34.3 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.7 29.8 28.9 28.0 27.2 26.3

90 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.8 28.9 28.0 27.1 26.3

91 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.9 28.0 27.1 26.3

92 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 28.0 27.1 26.2

93 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 28.0 27.1 26.2

94 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.1 26.2

95 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.1 26.2

96 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.2

97 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.2

98 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.2

99 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.2

100 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

101 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.6 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

102 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.4 30.5 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

103 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.4 30.5 29.7 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

104 34.2 33.3 32.4 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

105 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

106 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

107 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

108 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.8 27.9 27.0 26.1

109 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.7 27.9 27.0 26.1

110 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.7 27.9 27.0 26.1

111 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.7 27.9 27.0 26.1

112 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.7 27.9 27.0 26.1

113 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.7 27.9 27.0 26.1

114 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.7 27.9 27.0 26.1

115+ 34.2 33.3 32.3 31.4 30.5 29.6 28.7 27.9 27.0 26.1

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

60 30.9 30.4 30.0 29.6 29.2 28.8 28.5 28.2 27.9 27.6

61 30.4 29.9 29.5 29.0 28.6 28.3 27.9 27.6 27.3 27.0

62 30.0 29.5 29.0 28.5 28.1 27.7 27.3 27.0 26.7 26.4

63 29.6 29.0 28.5 28.1 27.6 27.2 26.8 26.4 26.1 25.7

64 29.2 28.6 28.1 27.6 27.1 26.7 26.3 25.9 25.5 25.2

65 28.8 28.3 27.7 27.2 26.7 26.2 25.8 25.4 25.0 24.6

66 28.5 27.9 27.3 26.8 26.3 25.8 25.3 24.9 24.5 24.1

67 28.2 27.6 27.0 26.4 25.9 25.4 24.9 24.4 24.0 23.6

68 27.9 27.3 26.7 26.1 25.5 25.0 24.5 24.0 23.5 23.1

69 27.6 27.0 26.4 25.7 25.2 24.6 24.1 23.6 23.1 22.6

70 27.4 26.7 26.1 25.4 24.8 24.3 23.7 23.2 22.7 22.2

71 27.2 26.5 25.8 25.2 24.5 23.9 23.4 22.8 22.3 21.8

72 27.0 26.3 25.6 24.9 24.3 23.7 23.1 22.5 22.0 21.4

73 26.8 26.1 25.4 24.7 24.0 23.4 22.8 22.2 21.6 21.1

74 26.6 25.9 25.2 24.5 23.8 23.1 22.5 21.9 21.3 20.8

75 26.5 25.7 25.0 24.3 23.6 22.9 22.3 21.6 21.0 20.5

76 26.3 25.6 24.8 24.1 23.4 22.7 22.0 21.4 20.8 20.2

77 26.2 25.4 24.7 23.9 23.2 22.5 21.8 21.2 20.6 19.9

78 26.1 25.3 24.6 23.8 23.1 22.4 21.7 21.0 20.3 19.7

79 26.0 25.2 24.4 23.7 22.9 22.2 21.5 20.8 20.1 19.5

80 25.9 25.1 24.3 23.6 22.8 22.1 21.3 20.6 20.0 19.3

81 25.8 25.0 24.2 23.4 22.7 21.9 21.2 20.5 19.8 19.1

82 25.8 24.9 24.1 23.4 22.6 21.8 21.1 20.4 19.7 19.0

83 25.7 24.9 24.1 23.3 22.5 21.7 21.0 20.2 19.5 18.8

84 25.6 24.8 24.0 23.2 22.4 21.6 20.9 20.1 19.4 18.7

85 25.6 24.8 23.9 23.1 22.3 21.6 20.8 20.1 19.3 18.6

86 25.5 24.7 23.9 23.1 22.3 21.5 20.7 20.0 19.2 18.5

87 25.5 24.7 23.8 23.0 22.2 21.4 20.7 19.9 19.2 18.4

88 25.5 24.6 23.8 23.0 22.2 21.4 20.6 19.8 19.1 18.3

89 25.4 24.6 23.8 22.9 22.1 21.3 20.5 19.8 19.0 18.3

90 25.4 24.6 23.7 22.9 22.1 21.3 20.5 19.7 19.0 18.2

91 25.4 24.5 23.7 22.9 22.1 21.3 20.5 19.7 18.9 18.2

92 25.4 24.5 23.7 22.9 22.0 21.2 20.4 19.6 18.9 18.1

93 25.4 24.5 23.7 22.8 22.0 21.2 20.4 19.6 18.8 18.1

94 25.3 24.5 23.6 22.8 22.0 21.2 20.4 19.6 18.8 18.0

95 25.3 24.5 23.6 22.8 22.0 21.1 20.3 19.6 18.8 18.0

96 25.3 24.5 23.6 22.8 21.9 21.1 20.3 19.5 18.8 18.0

97 25.3 24.5 23.6 22.8 21.9 21.1 20.3 19.5 18.7 18.0

98 25.3 24.4 23.6 22.8 21.9 21.1 20.3 19.5 18.7 17.9

99 25.3 24.4 23.6 22.7 21.9 21.1 20.3 19.5 18.7 17.9

100 25.3 24.4 23.6 22.7 21.9 21.1 20.3 19.5 18.7 17.9

101 25.3 24.4 23.6 22.7 21.9 21.1 20.2 19.4 18.7 17.9

102 25.3 24.4 23.6 22.7 21.9 21.1 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.9

103 25.3 24.4 23.6 22.7 21.9 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.9

104 25.3 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.9 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

105 25.3 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.9 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

106 25.3 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.9 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

107 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

108 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

109 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

110 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

111 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

112 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

113 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

114 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

115+ 25.2 24.4 23.5 22.7 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.6 17.8

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

70 21.8 21.3 20.9 20.6 20.2 19.9 19.6 19.4 19.1 18.9

71 21.3 20.9 20.5 20.1 19.7 19.4 19.1 18.8 18.5 18.3

72 20.9 20.5 20.0 19.6 19.3 18.9 18.6 18.3 18.0 17.7

73 20.6 20.1 19.6 19.2 18.8 18.4 18.1 17.8 17.5 17.2

74 20.2 19.7 19.3 18.8 18.4 18.0 17.6 17.3 17.0 16.7

75 19.9 19.4 18.9 18.4 18.0 17.6 17.2 16.8 16.5 16.2

76 19.6 19.1 18.6 18.1 17.6 17.2 16.8 16.4 16.0 15.7

77 19.4 18.8 18.3 17.8 17.3 16.8 16.4 16.0 15.6 15.3

78 19.1 18.5 18.0 17.5 17.0 16.5 16.0 15.6 15.2 14.9

79 18.9 18.3 17.7 17.2 16.7 16.2 15.7 15.3 14.9 14.5

80 18.7 18.1 17.5 16.9 16.4 15.9 15.4 15.0 14.5 14.1

81 18.5 17.9 17.3 16.7 16.2 15.6 15.1 14.7 14.2 13.8

82 18.3 17.7 17.1 16.5 15.9 15.4 14.9 14.4 13.9 13.5

83 18.2 17.5 16.9 16.3 15.7 15.2 14.7 14.2 13.7 13.2

84 18.0 17.4 16.7 16.1 15.5 15.0 14.4 13.9 13.4 13.0

85 17.9 17.3 16.6 16.0 15.4 14.8 14.3 13.7 13.2 12.8

86 17.8 17.1 16.5 15.8 15.2 14.6 14.1 13.5 13.0 12.5

87 17.7 17.0 16.4 15.7 15.1 14.5 13.9 13.4 12.9 12.4

88 17.6 16.9 16.3 15.6 15.0 14.4 13.8 13.2 12.7 12.2

89 17.6 16.9 16.2 15.5 14.9 14.3 13.7 13.1 12.6 12.0

90 17.5 16.8 16.1 15.4 14.8 14.2 13.6 13.0 12.4 11.9

91 17.4 16.7 16.0 15.4 14.7 14.1 13.5 12.9 12.3 11.8

92 17.4 16.7 16.0 15.3 14.6 14.0 13.4 12.8 12.2 11.7

93 17.3 16.6 15.9 15.2 14.6 13.9 13.3 12.7 12.1 11.6

94 17.3 16.6 15.9 15.2 14.5 13.9 13.2 12.6 12.0 11.5

95 17.3 16.5 15.8 15.1 14.5 13.8 13.2 12.6 12.0 11.4

96 17.2 16.5 15.8 15.1 14.4 13.8 13.1 12.5 11.9 11.3

97 17.2 16.5 15.8 15.1 14.4 13.7 13.1 12.5 11.9 11.3

98 17.2 16.4 15.7 15.0 14.3 13.7 13.0 12.4 11.8 11.2

99 17.2 16.4 15.7 15.0 14.3 13.6 13.0 12.4 11.8 11.2

100 17.1 16.4 15.7 15.0 14.3 13.6 12.9 12.3 11.7 11.1

101 17.1 16.4 15.6 14.9 14.2 13.6 12.9 12.3 11.7 11.1

102 17.1 16.4 15.6 14.9 14.2 13.5 12.9 12.2 11.6 11.0

103 17.1 16.3 15.6 14.9 14.2 13.5 12.9 12.2 11.6 11.0

104 17.1 16.3 15.6 14.9 14.2 13.5 12.8 12.2 11.6 11.0

105 17.1 16.3 15.6 14.9 14.2 13.5 12.8 12.2 11.5 10.9

106 17.1 16.3 15.6 14.8 14.1 13.5 12.8 12.2 11.5 10.9

107 17.0 16.3 15.6 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.8 12.1 11.5 10.9

108 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.8 12.1 11.5 10.9

109 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.8 12.1 11.5 10.9

110 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.5 10.9

111 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.5 10.8

112 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.5 10.8

113 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.4 10.8

114 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.4 10.8

115+ 17.0 16.3 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.4 10.8

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89

80 13.8 13.4 13.1 12.8 12.6 12.3 12.1 11.9 11.7 11.5

81 13.4 13.1 12.7 12.4 12.2 11.9 11.7 11.4 11.3 11.1

82 13.1 12.7 12.4 12.1 11.8 11.5 11.3 11.0 10.8 10.6

83 12.8 12.4 12.1 11.7 11.4 11.1 10.9 10.6 10.4 10.2

84 12.6 12.2 11.8 11.4 11.1 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.9

85 12.3 11.9 11.5 11.1 10.8 10.5 10.2 9.9 9.7 9.5

86 12.1 11.7 11.3 10.9 10.5 10.2 9.9 9.6 9.4 9.2

87 11.9 11.4 11.0 10.6 10.3 9.9 9.6 9.4 9.1 8.9

88 11.7 11.3 10.8 10.4 10.1 9.7 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.6

89 11.5 11.1 10.6 10.2 9.9 9.5 9.2 8.9 8.6 8.3

90 11.4 10.9 10.5 10.1 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.1

91 11.3 10.8 10.3 9.9 9.5 9.1 8.8 8.4 8.1 7.9

92 11.2 10.7 10.2 9.8 9.3 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.7

93 11.1 10.6 10.1 9.6 9.2 8.8 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.5

94 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.1 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.3

95 10.9 10.4 9.9 9.4 9.0 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.5 7.2

96 10.8 10.3 9.8 9.3 8.9 8.5 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.1

97 10.7 10.2 9.7 9.2 8.8 8.4 8.0 7.6 7.3 6.9

98 10.7 10.1 9.6 9.2 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.5 7.1 6.8

99 10.6 10.1 9.6 9.1 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.7

100 10.6 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.1 7.7 7.3 6.9 6.6

101 10.5 10.0 9.4 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.6 7.2 6.9 6.5

102 10.5 9.9 9.4 8.9 8.4 8.0 7.5 7.1 6.8 6.4

103 10.4 9.9 9.4 8.8 8.4 7.9 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.3

104 10.4 9.8 9.3 8.8 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.3

105 10.4 9.8 9.3 8.8 8.3 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.2

106 10.3 9.8 9.2 8.7 8.2 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.2

107 10.3 9.8 9.2 8.7 8.2 7.7 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.1

108 10.3 9.7 9.2 8.7 8.2 7.7 7.3 6.8 6.4 6.1

109 10.3 9.7 9.2 8.7 8.2 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.0

110 10.3 9.7 9.2 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.0

111 10.3 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.3 6.0

112 10.2 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.2 6.7 6.3 5.9

113 10.2 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.2 6.7 6.3 5.9

114 10.2 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.1 6.7 6.3 5.9

115+ 10.2 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.1 6.7 6.3 5.9

Joint and Last Survivor Table

AGES 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

90 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.4

91 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.1

92 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9

93 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.6

94 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.4

95 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.2

96 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.0

97 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.